Universal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of the Online Brand Identity Construction of National Museums

Yan Wang — 2025-04-22

The national museum of a country, as a cultural symbol of the nation, plays an important role in cultural communication at home and abroad. This study explores the online brand identity construction of two national museums—the British Museum and the National Museum of China—to inform cultural brands of the discursive strategies to distinguish themselves from others and communicate with their audiences effectively. Informed by multimodal critical discourse analysis, this paper analyzes the websites of the two museums and their social media posts, depicts their brand identity prisms, and evaluates the effectiveness of their online communication. The results show that both museums use multimodal and hypertextual resources to create unique and congruent brand images in website design and social media interaction with their target audiences, fulfilling the institutional functions of museums as the symbol of national culture or world civilization. They express differential personalities and cultural values to reinforce their brand identities in different sociocultural and political contexts. The findings may provide insight into the use of multimodality in online communication for cultural institutions to enhance their brand images and promote cultural exchanges.

Wolf Warrior II: Subtitle Translation and Transcreation of China’s Identity and National Branding from an Intersemiotic-multimodal Approach

Sha Lei — 2024-11-15

The Chinese film Wolf Warrior II floats all the way at the domestic box office, and jumps into the top 100 of the world's film box office rankings. It has achieved great economic success and ratings are overwhelmingly positive in China. Nevertheless, in stark contrast to this, Wolf Warrior II is cold at the box office abroad, and the word of mouth is not satisfactory. Transcreation is the re-creation or adaptation of content for a group of specific target audience. As an inter-related process of translation, a successful and holistic transcreation can arouse the same emotions as well as connotations produced in the target language as the source language. There are different perspectives to detailed translation analysis of China’s identity as a prominent character of contemporary society. Insofar as this research probes into the branding and in subtitle translation, it also constructs a binary theoretical model based on triadic signs of intersemiotic translation and metafunctional framework of multimodal analysis to testify China’s core values in this film and beyond.

Sexual Harassment in Ghanaian Tertiary Institutions: Reality or Perception

Wahab Sualihu — 2024-10-21

This article assesses the realities of sexual harassment (SH) in selected tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. Using multiple data collection techniques, three areas that are related to SH were assessed. These are knowledge of what constitutes SH, the nature and incidence of SH, and strategies/procedures for handling issues of SH in tertiary educational institutions. The findings from the perspective of teaching and non-teaching staff strongly suggest that knowledge of SH was high among teaching staff but low among non-teaching staff. Staff could not relate very well to the reporting systems and procedures of SH in their institutions. Issues of SH were left in the hands of only a few staff while newly recruited staff showed little understanding of the reporting systems and procedures. From the perspective of students, knowledge of what constitutes SH was high. Students were able to indicate the various SH reporting systems/procedures in the tertiary educational institutions and further indicated that the institutions have provided a safe environment and appointed designated people to handle sexual harassment complaints. Surprisingly, the incidence of sexual harassment was low, and this affected sexual harassment reporting.

Challenges and Strategies: Usage of Multimedia Resources in Teaching Social Studies Concepts in the Junior High Schools of Ghana

Anthony Bordoh — 2024-08-08

Access to and the availability of digital infrastructure remains the most significant issue influencing teachers' use of multimedia technology in teaching and learning processes. Qualitatively, the study focused on a case study research design. The study population consisted of five (5) Social Studies teachers at Presbyterian University College of Education Demonstration Junior High School in the Akuapem North Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to select all the Social Studies teachers for the study. The main instruments for data collection were an interview guide and observation protocols. The data was analysed using the interpretative method based on the themes arrived at during the data collection. The themes were related to the research question and interpreted on the number of issues raised by participants. The study indicated that more resources are needed to use multimedia resources effectively in social studies instruction. Limited access to computers and the internet, unreliable power supply, time constraints for teachers, and a lack of necessary competencies all contribute to this challenge. Although multimedia has become crucial to education, teachers often need more training to utilise these resources fully. The government must collaborate with other organisations to procure ICT resources to address these challenges rather than shouldering the sole responsibility for financing education. Establishing a school-based ICT policy framework to guide technology implementation in teaching and learning is essential.

Psychological Impact of Poverty on Children’s Mental Health and Wellbeing in Adentan Municipality, Ghana

Luke Eshun — 2024-09-27

This study examined the psychological impact of poverty on the mental health and wellbeing of children in Adentan Municipality, Ghana. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach. A sample of 15 children from poor homes were selected using purposive and snowball sampling for the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the main experiences of the children raised in poor homes were that they had unmet basic needs and limited income. Also, it was found that the psychological impact of poverty on children included stigma and inferiority, distress and hopelessness. From the results, it was concluded that poverty can have a psychological impact on the mental health and wellbeing of children. it was recommended that Social Welfare liaise with community leaders to identify children from poor homes and provide support for these children in terms of their basic needs like food and clothing.

Methodological analysis of teaching English vocabulary on the basis of developing professional competence of students

Misirov Sokhibjon Abdupattayevich — 2024-06-30

This article is focus on the features of teaching English vocabulary on the basis of developing professional competence of students, methodological analysis of teaching active, passive, real and novocabular vocabulary in English, the ways of teaching English vocabulary.

Challenges facing the Church in dealing with Moral Issues in Ghana: the way forward

Francis Osei-Tetteh — 2024-05-05

The purpose of this study was to examine challenges facing the Church in dealing with Moral Issues and the way forward in Ghana. Qualitatively, the study sought to examine the Church's challenges in coping with Moral Issues and the way forward in Ghana. The study adopted a case study research design. The population of the study comprised leaders of Calvary Baptist Church – Adabraka and Shiashe. These include the Vice President of the Ghana Baptist Convention and departmental heads at the Ghana Baptist Convention headquarters. Others included the Senior Pastor of Calvary Baptist Church – Adabraka with its satellite mission at Shiashe as well as a cross-section of pastors of these churches; the church administrator; the past and present directors of Baptist Relief and Development Agency (BREDA). The purposive sampling technique was specifically used to locate respondents for the study. The churches and participants were chosen because of their efforts in dealing with the causes of immorality confronting Ghanaian society. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide. The data gathered was organised and analysed manually using emerging themes. The study revealed that the challenges which the Baptist Church encounters in its effort to deal with moral issues are the politicisation of statements made by the clergy, and inadequate trained personnel who are willing and ready to champion the agenda of the church in that respect. Financial difficulties were also mentioned. In this regard, specific reference was made to the effort made by the Ghana Baptist Convention to free the Trokosi girls. It was indicated that it takes a lot of financial resources to train and settle the freed girls. Regarding the way forward as far as these challenges were concerned, it was suggested that the church ought to speak more and do what it is mandated by Christ to do to bring about transformation. It is recommended that Churches should seriously intensify education on what constitutes human rights and freedom so that there would be a clear understanding of the concept that enables people to think through and adopt the good aspects to enhance their circumstances. Human rights defenders should exercise restraints when it comes to practices which are alien to Ghanaian values, laws and religious faith.

Challenges Learners Face in Using the Flipped Classroom Model in the Teaching and Learning of Religious and Moral Education in the Nzema East Municipality of the Western Region of Ghana

Solomon Appiah — 2024-03-01

Challenges are part and parcel of human activities. Quantitatively, a relational survey model research was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised all Junior High School (JHS) Religious and Moral Education (RME) students in Bokro M/A JHS and the Eziom Methodist JHS in the Nzema-East Municipality of the Western Region. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select the schools and respondents for the study. The main instruments for data collection were a test and a questionnaire. The data from both the control and experimental groups on the challenges learners face in using the flipped classroom model in RME were analysed using means and standard deviations. The study indicates the challenges learners face by employing the flipped classroom model to learn include lack of data to access the internet, frequent light outs, lack of technological devices to access contents, frequent power outages, and difficulty in comprehending some of the materials given to them. Given that learners face frequent power outages during periods that they watch videos assigned to them by their teachers, it is recommended that the government and the Electricity Company of Ghana ensure that there is a constant flow of power to allow learners trying to use the flipped classroom to learn are without any hindrance. It is also recommended that the Ghana education service should organise continuing professional development for RME teachers on effective uses of technology in teaching and learning subject concepts. The government should also supply the basic schools with all the needed technological devices to promote effective teaching, learning and assessment.

Influence of Televangelism on Ghanaian Women

Nicholas Asmah-Sey — 2024-02-15

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of new religious movements’ televangelism on women in Dunkwa-on-Offin in the central region of Ghana. The study adopted the sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. The study population was important because they make up a bigger share of individuals who attend mainline churches and are constantly exposed to televangelism in their daily lives. A multi-stage sampling technique (purposive and simple random sampling techniques) was used to select two hundred (200) women for the study. Krejcie and Morgan's table determined the two women population of 400 (for both churches). The main instruments for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data was analysed with the use of the IBM SPSS statistics software version 23, to compute frequency distributions, percentages, tables and cross-tabulation. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically by identifying relevant information, coding, classification and summaries. The study revealed that televangelism has influenced women to follow televangelists rather than the teachings of their churches. Also, the activity has influenced the youth and women to follow false teachings, prosperity and vain promises of travelling. The findings of the study revealed that televangelists’ messages are geared towards obtaining money and raising unrealistic hopes. It is recommended that the government should also establish and enforce policies and regulations that encourage genuine televangelism programming and deter televangelists who are driven by fraud and self-gain by registering all the churches and holding them accountable for their actions.

Perspectives of Married Men and Women on Access and Use of Contraceptives in Obuasi-East District in Ghana

Mabel Opoku Boateng — 2023-12-28

Family planning and the use of contraceptives have been introduced in Ghana to control the fertility rate and ensure the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. The study examined the perceptions of married men and women on the use of contraceptives, their access to information and the effects of mass media on the use of contraceptives in the Obuasi-East District. The research adopted a qualitative approach using the phenomenological case study design. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to sample 15 married men and women for the study. The data was collected using interviews and presented through thematic analysis. The study revealed that participants had in-depth knowledge of contraceptives and male and female participants held different perceptions. Married men have knowledge of the types of contraceptives peculiar to both sexes. The women were familiar with condoms used by men and various types of contraceptives used by women. The most common contraceptive known and used by married men is a condom because of its effectiveness, ease of use and accessibility. The married women preferred injectables. The frequency of information from the mass media has reduced significantly compared to previous years. The study concluded that mass media has an effect on the use of contraceptives among married men and women and recommends that mass media frequently educate the general public on the use of contraceptives. Besides, information on contraceptives and their use should be diversified by media houses in the form of drama, poems, books and music to attract married couples.

Factors Influencing Fertility Control among Highly-Educated Urban Women in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana

Joseph Boateng — 2023-10-20

Fertility control is crucial to achieving improved health and socio-economic status of women. The main objective of the study was to explore fertility control behaviours among educated urban women in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The study adopted the interpretivist (qualitative) philosophy in social research. The population for the study comprised women who have at least secondary-level education, are married or in a stable union and are between the ages of 18 and 49 years. A snowball sampling technique was used to select thirty-two (32) respondents for the study. The respondents constituted the number that provided the required information at saturation. The main instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide. Data was collected from educated women within the Cape Coast Metropolis. Five items open-ended questions under the heading Factors influencing fertility control among highly-educated urban women in the Cape Coast Metropolis. All transcribed data were then imported into NVivo 11, a computer-aided qualitative data analysis package with each transcript coded sentence by sentence. The codes were determined and constructed based on the content of the data. After the coding process, each code was described and memos attached as ideas about the themes emerged from social-cultural, economic to educational factors. The study underscores the adequate involvement of male partners in women’s fertility control practices, especially women’s contraceptive preferences. This demonstrates the authority of men over women in the domain of the family. Recognising that men have enormous powers regarding fertility issues tend to appreciate the need to promote and advance family needs and welfare. Also, the results indicate that other close associates or relatives are involved in women’s contraceptive lives. These close relations are what describes as a social network in Bronfenbrenner social-ecological framework. Besides, there are multiple socio-cultural and economic obstacles that could work against achieving desired fertility levels. It is recommended that family planning programmes should not focus on only women, but include male partners to enhance a change in behaviour and norms regarding power and gender roles that do not make them supportive partners. There is a need for a high-level promotion through civil society to encourage men to get involved in family planning matters. This will help women or couples to freely adopt their desired fertility control methods without hindrance.

An Empirical Study of Challenges and Management Supports in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in the Public Senior High Schools of Ghana

Cynthia Anim — 2023-09-18

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges and management supports in teaching and learning of Social Studies in Public Senior High Schools in Akuapem South and North Districts in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted a cross-sectional survey using a descriptive correlational research design to assess Challenges and Management Supports Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in Public Senior High Schools of Ghana. The population of the study comprised social studies teachers and students in the Akuapem South and Akuapem North Districts of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purpose and probabilistic sampling procedures were used to select senior high schools, teachers and students for the study. The main instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire (SQ). Data was collected from 261 final year students from five Senior High Schools and 33 Social Studies teachers using structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 24. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD) was conducted to summarise the data and t-test was applied to establish if there is a statistically significant difference in the perceptions of students and teachers on the school-based drivers and effective teaching and learning of social studies. The results of the study revealed that the key school-based drivers influencing the teaching and learning of social studies in the two districts relate to classroom environment; lack of management supports in terms of resource provision for practical lessons, lack of supportive physical environment such as large class size (t = 32.881, mean difference = 6.2422, p<0.05)- thus preventing teachers from engaging students in practical work and individualising their assignments (t-statistics=37.563, mean difference= 3.0920, p<0.05); and teachers inability to use diagnostics assessment tools to unraveled students difficulties and support them. The conclusion is that, the key drivers influencing effective teaching and learning of social studies are school-based and policy driven. The study therefore recommends that the government should support the teaching of Social Studies through provision of adequate resources to help teachers improve their output. Again, the student-teacher ratio should be reduced.

Barriers to Effective Solid Waste Management in Ghana: A Case of Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem Municipality

Theophilus Kweku Bassaw — 2023-08-23

The objective of this study was to examine the barriers to effective solid waste management in the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. This study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised all residents of 18 years or older as well as waste management agencies in the KEEA Municipality. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 380 residents together with 45 staff of the Zoomlion Company Ltd in the KEEA Municipality for the study. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for the data collection. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to analyse the questionnaire items on the research questions. This was done with the use of the Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21. There were a number of barriers to effective solid waste management practices. Some of the barriers were inadequate environmental education; inadequate logistics and funds; inadequate depots, skips and dustbins; lack of adequate skilled personnel to manage services efficiently; and apathetic attitude/inertia on the part of some of the residents. Some other barriers included: irregular collection of waste by waste management companies; lack of appropriate sites for waste disposal; unwillingness of some households to pay for the collection and appropriate disposal of solids; and refuse dumps located very far from home. It is recommended that the government through the Ministry of Local Government should provide adequate logistics and funds for the procurement of dustbins in order to ensure proper solid waste management. The Assembly should ensure that Zoomlion collects waste regularly. The Assembly should encourage residents to pay for the collection of waste and sanction recalcitrant residents who do not adhere to appropriate solid waste management practices.

An Assessment of Coping Strategies on Work-family Conflict and Job Performance in Ghana

Shirley Dankwa — 2023-07-28

The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies for managing the effects of work-family conflict on the management staff of hotels in the Accra metropolis of Ghana. The study adopted a Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. multi-stage sampling. The estimation of the sample size for the hotel managers was based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table for the determination of the sample size for a given population. The population of 100 managers were stratified and randomly sampled out of the 182 managers. The main instruments for data collection were questionnaires and an interview. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to determine simple percentages and frequencies of responses. Pearson product-moment Correlation and structural equation model were used to determine the consequences of work-family conflict as well as coping strategies adopted by managers. Amos PLS was used to determine the moderating effect of coping strategies on work-family conflict and job performance. Hotel managers in the Accra metropolis combine the strategies of structural role redefinition, personal role redefinition, cognitive restructuring and reactive role redefinition to curb work-family conflict. The study demonstrated a positive relationship between coping strategies and job performance. Coping strategies had a moderating effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and the job performance of hotel managers. Thus, to improve the job performance of hotel managers, there should be the application of coping interventions to help them perform on the job. The study also determined that work-family conflict had a significant positive relationship with job performance. Similarly, the study established that coping strategies significantly moderate the relationship between work-family conflict and job performance among hotel managers in the Accra metropolis. Although coping strategies were employed by hotel managers in the Accra metropolis, it is recommended that training sessions on the use of coping strategies and stress management techniques should be considered by management to address psychological and emotional work environment stressors since they have been proven to reduce stress and WFC. It is also recommended that there should be an inter-hotel collaboration to offer smaller hotels which do not have the resources some leverage the impact of work-family conflict. This platform can be provided by the Ghana hotels association to impact knowledge of coping strategies in smaller hotels. The government must be encouraged to liaise with the Ghana hotels association to enforce the mandatory eight-hour work per day to avoid overworking of hotel managers.

Appraising of Social Media Network in the Academic Performance of Students in Ghana: A Case of Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Municipality

Osei Kojo Agyeman — 2023-07-23

Quantitatively, the study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of this study comprised two thousand (2000) students in the four (4) senior high schools (Edinaman Senior High, Eguafo Senior High, Peter Hold Book Senior High and Komenda Senior Technical Institute) in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem municipality. Purposive, simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select two hundred students from the four for this study. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. There are more adverse effects of social media network participation on academic performance than positive effects. Social media network sites serve as a useful medium for enhancing students’ academic performance if properly used. Therefore, SHS students should be guided to use social media properly to enhance their academic performance. It is recommended that regular counselling by school authorities and parents for students who participate in social media networks should be done to prevent improper use of social media and avoid addiction and its consequences. It is also recommended that teachers should encourage students to use the right grammar and correct spelling of words when participating in social networks to help stop the negative effect it has on students’ academic performance. It is once again recommended that all stakeholders should be involved in educating students on the proper use of social media networks for their academic work as well as the dangers of improper use on their academic performance and social well-being.

An Attitude of Staff and Students towards Littering in Second-Cycle Schools in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North of Ghana

Simon Nipah — 2024-03-23

The growing unconcern and poor attitude of some Ghanaians towards environmental protection and sanitation practices has become very endemic in Ghanaian Societies. Littering especially is considered a major environmental problem within the setting of this study. This study employed the mixed-method approach in integrating qualitative and quantitative research data. The study adopted a convergent parallel research design. The population for this study consisted of all teaching staff and students of Sefwi Wiawso Senior High Technical School and St. Joseph Catholic Senior High School in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive, simple random, and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers and students for the study. A sample size of one hundred and ninety-eight (198) consisting of one hundred eighty-eight (188) students and ten (10) teachers were selected for the study. The two main instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were coded with numerical values and keyed into the data view of the SPSS version 23. The qualitative data was analysed through content analysis and was further transcribed into themes for analysis with a side-by-side comparison with the quantitative data. The qualitative data gathered and presented, were organised and analysed manually using emerging themes. The study revealed that littering is currently caused by irresponsible behaviour among some staff and students coupled with other factors such as lazy attitudes among people, inadequate waste bins on campus, and more seriously, less sensitization of people on littering in the various senior high schools. The study also indicated that provisions of adequate waste bins at vantage points in the various campuses, awarding prizes to individual students and groups with good waste management practices on campus, implementing rules and regulations on littering, as well as educating, and sensitizing students and staff on littering on campuses formed the possibilities on how schools can shape up staff and student’s attitudes towards healthy environment by avoid littering. It is recommended that Students with good waste management practices should be rewarded to encourage others in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that sustainable waste management practices (collection, transportation, and treatment) should be employed in all the Senior High Schools across the country.

Social Studies Teachers' Authentic Assessment Practices, Tools and Challenges in Assessing Students' Learning Outcomes

George Asante — 2023-05-15

Assessment is a vital aspect of curriculum practice. The study adopted explanatory mixed-method approach and sequential research design. The population for the study comprised all Social Studies teachers in Junior High Schools in the Ayensuano District. Convenient sampling techniques and census method were used to select the district, and all the one hundred and twenty-seven (127) teachers who teach Social Studies in the junior high schools in the district. The main instruments used for data collection and analysis were questionnaire and interview guide. The quantitative data was analysed both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The qualitative data was transliterated and coded based on themes. Pre-set themes were used to generate the transcript (text) data based upon the research questions and discussed. The study concluded that authentic assessment practices by Social Studies teachers included the occasional guidance they give to their students about how to interpret topics and situations into relevant tasks with a clearly defined goal, and how to relate their knowledge in practical challenges. The study also revealed that refined essays, oral presentations, interviews, case study discussions, and live performances as authentic assessment strategies or tools Social Studies teachers used in assessing their students' learning outcomes in lessons. The study indicated that large class size, traditional assessment (examination) system, insufficient logistics and infrastructure, a paucity of funds to begin various activities and programs, a lack of motivation from school administrators, time constraints and difficulty in developing some authentic assessment tasks coupled with assessing some lessons using authentic assessment method are some of the criteria that influence the effectiveness of authentic assessment execution in teaching Social Studies courses. It is recommended that educational leaders should provide the resources to motivate Social Studies teachers to use authentic assessments for students’ learning in the classroom situation. It is also recommended that, Colleges of Education, Universities and National Teaching Council should organise professional development workshops and seminars to build the capacity of trained Social Studies teachers on the effective uses of authentic assessment practices.

Adolescent Students’ Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Eastern Region Schools for the Deaf, Ghana

Frank Wisdom Kwasi Kloh — 2023-04-27

This study investigated adolescent students‟ knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern region schools for the deaf in Ghana. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The researchers used HIV- The knowledge Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of respondents on STIs. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed. Proportional representation was used to select a sample of ninety-five (95) adolescent students with deafness from JHS2 and JHS3 between the ages of 13 and 24 years. Data were analyzed descriptively into frequencies and percentages. The results of the study indicated that the students knew of some of the types of STIs such as Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and HIV/AIDS. They, however, had inadequate knowledge of STIs such as Hepatitis B and Chlamydia.

Indigenous Water Resource Conservation Practices in Contemporary Ghanaian Society

Bismark Kwasi Osei — 2023-01-03

This position paper discusses indigenous water resource conservation practices and modern methods to address challenges in Akwamu traditional area in the Eastern region of Ghana. Africa is bedeviled with environmental crisis in this 21st century, and this has been a major concern to environmental conservationists. In Ghana, one of such environmental crisis is pollution of water bodies as a result of indiscriminate human activities. Some have argued that non-recognition of indigenous knowledge in the management of water resources has been one of the major challenges of water resource crisis in Africa and Ghana is no exception. In the life and thought of indigenous people of Ghana, studies confirm that conservation of water resources is enforced through traditional religiously governed norms which have stood the test of time before formal institutions responsible for biodiversity conservation were established by government. Using Akwamu traditional area in Ghana as a case, this study explores how the indigenous people manage water bodies and to find out the possibility of incorporating indigenous knowledge practices and modern methods to address the current water resource problems in Ghana. Primary and secondary sources are employed for data collection. The study is carried out within the concept of ‘worldview’ to understand how indigenous people manage the environment through their indigenous belief systems. The findings are that; indigenous knowledge practices are potential tools for addressing water resource crisis in Ghana. The study also indicates that if indigenous knowledge practices are used alongside with the modern methods in water resource management, our water resource problems would be minimized if not totally solved in Africa.

A Descriptive Phenomenology of Nature and Characteristics of Chieftaincy Succession Conflict: A Case of Akuapem Traditional Area, Ghana

Shirley Dankwa — 2022-12-17

The study focused on the nature and characteristics of the chieftaincy succession conflict in the Akuapem Traditional Area of Ghana. This study was anchored on an interpretivist philosophical viewpoint. Methodologically, the study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenology research design. Thirty-four (34) adults who have lived in the area for the past five years participated in the study. They included members of the traditional council, the Akuapem North Municipal Assembly, the royal gates to the paramountcy and others within the community. Participants were selected using extreme case, critical case and convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected with the use of interview guide, focus-group discussion and observation protocols. The data collected were analysed thematically in line with the research questions and emerged patterns from the dataset. The study found out that the dynamics of the conflict revolved around the nature and frames. The findings showed multiple causes that resulted in the exacerbation of the conflict. A major conclusion drawn from the study was that the chieftaincy institution in Akuapem is hurled with conflict which has complex dynamics and thus, has had multiple implications on the stability and development of the society. It is therefore recommended that all stakeholders to the installation are duly left to perform their duties without any intrusion from external parties or outsiders. Moreover, the grievances of these stakeholders should be addressed to ensure smooth running of the processes. This can be ensured by the traditional council of the area.

Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Techniques Used in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in the Colleges of Education in Ghana

Eric Osei Yaw — 2022-12-12

The purpose of the study was to examine Colleges of Education students’ attitudes toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. Quantitatively, descriptive survey research design was employed for the study to examine the attitudes of Colleges of Education students toward the teaching and learning of Social Studies in the Ashanti region. The population for the study comprised all the second year (form 2) Social Studies students from the four (4) selected Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select four (4) Colleges of Education (St. Louis, Wesley, St. Monica's and Offinso Colleges of Education), and two-hundred seventy-seven (277) second year Social Studies students for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The quantitative data obtained was coded into Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) (version 26.0) and analyzed using descriptive statistics involving tables, frequencies and percentages for each item. “Strongly Agree”, “Agree”, “Strongly Disagree”, “Disagree” were all used in the analysis for easy presentation and understanding. The study revealed that students were able to dedicate much time to studying the subject in order to acquire relevant knowledge, positive attitudes and skills as well as solve societal problems stems from their ability to have good perception of the subject. The study also concludes that varying techniques of teaching is a key factor in enabling students to develop keen interest in Social Studies. It arouses and sustain students’ interest in the subject, they must not neglect employing methods that are student-centered. It is recommended that teachers should vary their methods of teaching to focus more on the use of child-centered techniques of teaching. It is also recommended that, teaching universities and colleges of education should collaboration with Ministry of Education, T-TEL and other Non-governmental educational organizations to organise workshops, and seminars to help Social Studies teachers on the use of vary teaching techniques in evaluating students learning.

Teachers’ Use of Field Trip to Evaluate Social Studies Lessons in the Senior High Schools of Ghana

Theophilus Kweku Bassaw — 2022-12-08

The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ use of field trips in evaluating Social Studies lessons in Winneba Senior High School in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, a case study research design was employed for the study. The population of this study comprised all the four (4) Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president in Winneba Senior High School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the municipality, Winneba Senior High School and Social Studies teachers and Social Studies Association president for the study. The main instrument for data collection was semi-structured interview guide. The data was analysed through the use of the interpretative method on the themes identified during the data collection. The study indicated that the use of field trips in the teaching and learning of Social Studies has the potential to influence the understanding levels of students and teachers. Therefore, field trips have the potential to help students and teachers to gain new knowledge that may not have been obtained through theoretical learning in the classroom. The study also revealed that organisation of field a trip has some challenges, such as, time as the main factor, financial problems, inadequate support from School Management, Parents and some teachers, nature of the curriculum, the behaviour of students outdoor were related to the research questions and interpreted on the number of issues raised by respondents. It is recommended that procedures for seeking permission be outlined by the Ghana Education Service to facilitate easy permission processes and to reduce the stress associated with seeking permission for organizing field trips for teachers and students in Senior High Schools. It is also recommended that students should be educated more and more by their Social Studies teachers on the importance of embarking on field trips to eliminate the lukewarm attitudes of some of the students. It is recommended that the Regional and District directors of education should ensure constant and effective supervision of teachers to encourage the use of field trips as a teaching strategy for the evaluate Social Studies lessons.

Formative Assessment Conceptions and Practices of Junior High School Social Studies Teachers in the Techiman Municipality of Ghana

Benjamin Kwabena Ochour — 2022-12-15

The study investigated formative assessment conceptions and practices among the teachers of social studies in the Techiman Municipality of the Bono East Region of Ghana. The research was undertaken with the view of finding answers and making suggestions that could help improve the formative assessment practices specifically in social studies. A census was conducted in the eighty-four (84) public Junior High Schools in the Techiman Municipality in the Bono East Region. All the ninety-five (95) Social Studies teachers in the public Junior High Schools in the Municipality were selected for the study. A 50-item questionnaire including 2 open-ended questions was developed for the teachers. The data collected were analysed by using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that, the teachers had correct conception of formative assessment and saw its relevance in the classroom, however, their assessment practices were not formative enough. The teachers’ assessment practices were influenced by external factors. It is recommended that pressures such as demand for continuous assessment marks to grade students ought to be reduced to allow the teachers practice assessment as professionals.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Barriers that Affect Women’s Participation in Local Level Governance in the Central Region of Ghana

Augusta Kyerewaah Asante — 2022-12-10

The study sought to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that affect women’s participation in local level governance in selected districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was employed for this study, and an interview guide was used to gather data from 11 women assembly members and two of their husbands, making a total of 13 participants. The participants were sampled using purposive, snowball and convenient sampling techniques. The data was analysed thematically. The study identified lack of self-confidence, limited funds, unsupportive family, abuse and harassment, political affiliations in the Assembly and unsupportive religious organizations as the socio-economic and cultural barriers to women participation in local level governance in Agona West, Gomoa West and Gomoa Central Districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The findings showed that despite the barriers, some of the women were able to surmount such challenges and became successful in the District Assembly elections. The study recommended that special fund should be set up by the government to support Assembly women to perform their roles and responsibilities within their communities regularly. Such funds may help them fulfil their campaign promises, which may encourage them to seek re-election in the District Assemblies. Also, female politicians should mentor potential female politicians. The mentors may support them to build the confidence required to engage in local level politics and to aspire higher positions in political office.

An Appraisal of Junior High School Learners Perception in Using Flipped Classroom Model in Learning Social Studies Lessons

George Ebanyenle Ackah — 2022-11-30

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of Junior High School learners in using flipped classroom model in learning Social Studies in Aowin Municipality in the western north region of Ghana. Qualitatively, descriptive survey design was used for this study. The population of the comprised junior high school students of Enchi Methodist School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select both the school and fifty (50) respondents for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of four-point Likert closed-ended statements that required learners to tick, where appropriate, their responses. The data were analysed using the SPSS software package. The data was edited, coded and analysed into frequencies, percentages with interpretations. The study concluded that, Junior High School Social Studies learners have a generally positive perception regarding the use of the flipped classroom model to learn Social Studies. This implies that, students positively respond to the use of flipped classroom as a teaching method. Since learners have a general positive perception of the use of the flipped classroom, it is recommended that teachers use the flipped classroom as a teaching method while parents are also encouraged to provide their wards with the necessary support such as phones and data to facilitate students’ learning.

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Teachers and Their Formative Assessment Practices in Social Studies Lessons

Anthony Bordoh — 2022-10-07

The purpose of the study was to examine technological pedagogical content knowledge of teachers and their formative assessment practices in Social Studies lessons in the Junior High Schools in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem (K.E.E.A) Municipality of Ghana. With a mixed method approach, the study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study included all Social Studies teachers at the public junior high schools in the in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Municipality. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all the seventy-four (74) public Junior High Schools and the Social Studies teachers for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to sample the respondents because they constitute expert knowledge in the subject area and having the same characteristics. The two main instruments used to gather data for the study were questionnaire and observation. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study indicated that the assessment practices of teachers during Social Studies lessons were on the average. There was disparity between theory and practice as far as the dictates of the profile dimensions are concerned. Teachers mostly assess the cognitive aspect of the child with little attention to the affective domain. The study also concluded that there was a significant positive relationship between TPACK of teachers and their formative assessment practices at 0.05 level of significance. It is recommended that Ministry of Education, National Teaching Council, Ghana Education Service should organize professional development workshop for teachers on their formative classroom assessment practices in Social Studies lessons. It is also recommended that, in order to ensure effective formative assessment practices, Ghana Education Service should collaborate with Colleges of Education and Universities training teachers to develop appropriate TPACK for teachers to improve on their formative assessment practices in the classroom.

Motives of Tourists’: Socio-Economic and Challenges of Kwahu Easter Festival (KEF) in Ghana

Kate Gyasi — 2022-08-08

The purpose of the study was to examine the Motives of Tourists; Socio-Economic and Challenges of tourism in Kwahu in the Eastern Region of Ghana The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised six (6) communities (Mpraeso, Atibie, Obomeng, Obo Oworobong, and Nketepa in Kwahu South District Assembly (KSDA) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed to select two hundred (200) respondents for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaires. The study employed the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to code and process the collected data. Descriptive and relational statistical techniques involving frequencies, percentages, summations, diagrams, and tables were employed in analysing the data. The Chi-square test analysis was used to explore the relationships and differences in perceptions. The study indicated that every tourist, whether local (Ghanaian) or foreign, had at least one of the following motives in mind for participating in the festival; To socialize; For relaxation; For education to participate and witness the paragliding festivals; To take photographs of festival scenes; Other motives like to sell items, especially souvenirs. The study also revealed that the KEF has had some positive socio-economic impact or implications on the area. These among others include: job creation, income generation for locals of the area, infrastructural development, and projection of the image of the area as the festival has become one of the biggest gatherings of revellers in the country, drawing people from all walks of life, nationally and internationally as a result of the introduction of paragliding since 2005, socialization enhancement, medium for cultural exchange and education, and finally serves as a medium for portraying the cultural identity of the people of Kwahu. The study also indicated that the major challenges encountered by tourists during the event were listed in order of degree of intensity: High cost of living, poor road network in the area, intermitted electricity and water supply, poor sanitary conditions in the area, poor health facilities, and unwelcoming attitude of some local residents of the festival area. It is recommended that, residents must be educated about the potential benefits of tourism as an industry helping to achieve sustainable community development. It is also recommended that Ghana tourism authority and Kwahu District Assembly should collaborate to improve on social amenities in the municipality to attract more foreign and local tourists during the festivity.

Students’ Knowledge and Sources of Information on HIV/AIDS: Evidence from the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana

Maxwell Ofori — 2022-08-12

Undoubtedly, HIV/AIDS menace has been a major source of concern to everyone, particularly, the people of Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) as the area has always recorded a higher rate of infections compared with other districts in Ghana. Against this backdrop, the study sought to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of Senior High School students in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. To obtain the respondents, a simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 300 students, comprising 120 boys and 180 girls proportionately selected from the four public Senior High Schools in the Municipality. A-37 item questionnaire adapted from Wanjiru Helen Wairimu was used for the data collection. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages). The study found that the majority of the senior high school students in the LMKM of Ghana have high knowledge about HIV/AIDS through several available sources within their domain. However, it was again found out that HIV/AIDS knowledge they have does not have much impact and influence on their sexual behaviour. Several recommendations were suggested which include; the fact that the Ministry of Health in collaboration with other important educational agencies should intensify sex education to students and the community members in order to strengthen their awareness of HIV/AIDS.

Impact of Stress and Burnout on Quality of Life of Pastors

Stephen Doh Fia — 2022-08-01

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of stress and burnout on the quality of life of pastors in Assemblies of God Church in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A sample of 254 out of a population of 744 was used for the study using stratified and simple random sampling procedures. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using means and standard deviations, linear multiple regression, independent samples t-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance. Results showed that the pastors often experienced stress and frustrations due to a lack of resources such as money and infrastructure, different roles competing for their attention (ministry and family), delays in reaching their ministry goals, and carrying out a lot of activities the same time. The study also found that the pastors felt emotionally drained by their work and felt burned out. The study revealed that the relationship between stress level and quality of life was statistically significant. Similarly, the relationship between burnout level and quality of life was statistically significant. It was recommended that the leadership of Assemblies of God Church, Ghana should organise intermittent workshops for their pastors in all their branches on how to cope with the emotional drains of pastoring.

Techniques and Strategies Use in Assessing Social Studies Concepts

Patrick Kwarteng — 2022-07-25

The purpose of the study was to examine techniques and strategies use in assessing Social Studies concepts in the three senior high schools in Sefwi Wiawso Municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitatively, the research design for this study was a Case study. The population for this study consisted of all ten (10) Social Studies teachers in three public Senior High Schools (Wiawso Senior High School, Wiawso Senior/Technical school, and Asawinso senior high school) in Sefwi Wiawso municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select municipalities, schools, and Social Studies teachers for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was interview. The data were edited before being analyzed in themes and pattern. Being a case study design in qualitative research, the researcher read through the data several times so as to familiarize with the data, making notes, referring back to the research question, making decisions whether to focus on individual responses or on topics. The interview data were interpreted to articulate meaning, making decisions on whether to use direct quotes or the summary of respondents’ responses and reporting the data considering the interest of various audiences. The study revealed that teachers used various teaching techniques such as brainstorming, simulation, discovery-learning, role-play discussion, dramatization, problem-solving, and building a community implies that they believed in child-centered method of the teaching and learning of Social Studies. The study also concluded that Social Studies teachers use techniques and strategies like concept attainment, field trips, and debate co-operative learning in motivating and providing learners with the opportunity to interact with their own community or environment. It is recommended that Social Studies teachers should make effort either to go on field trips or make use of available experts that are in their communities by inviting them into the Social Studies classrooms to tap into their rich knowledge to enhance concept learning. It is also recommended that frequent seminars and periodic or regular in-service training should be organised by the Ghana Education Service to help Social Studies teachers to acquaint themselves with the modern teaching techniques and strategies that promote the teaching and learning of Social Studies concepts.

Accessibility Issues Facing School Supervision: A Study of Island Schools in the Krachi-East and Krachi-West Education Directorates, Ghana

Emmanuel Nomah — 2022-07-13

Supervision is at the core of every successful organization or institution. The fundamental thrust of this study is to examine the challenges external supervisors encounter and the mitigating measures they employ to ensure supervision of schools in island communities within the Krachi-East and Krachi-West Education Directorates in the Oti Region, Ghana. The study employed the mixed method approach to studying phenomena, precisely the sequential explanatory mixed method. The quantitative data was gathered from seventeen (17) participants and analysed descriptively using mean and standard deviation with the help of the SPSS software package and presented in tables. The qualitative data from three (3) interviewees was analysed based on themes that are related to the research questions. The study established that the accessibility of island schools by external supervisors was a major challenge. This was due to a lack of readily available canoes and the required accessories for safe travelling by water. The study recommends that schools in such enclaves be provided with outboard motors, canoes, and life jackets as well as operators.

An appraisal of Social Studies Teachers Perceptions of Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Maxwell Ofori — 2022-07-04

The study objective was to assess the perceptions of Junior High School (JHS) Social Studies teachers in the Yilo Krobo Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana on teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). The study adopted Shulman's theory of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) as its theoretical framework. The philosophical approach upon which the study is hinged on is the ideology of interpretivism and positivism, in other words, pragmatism. The study used a mixed methodological approach as well as a descriptive survey design. A random sampling technique was used for the study. The study participants were JHS social studies teachers in Yilo-Krobo Municipality, Ghana. Eighty (80) out of the one hundred and two (102) representing 78.43% JHS Social Studies teachers were selected from the fifty-four JHSs in the Municipality. Both Questionnaire and interview guide were used for data collection. The survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interview data was analyzed using content analysis. The study indicated that at the heart of the PCK concept is the idea that 'deep knowledge' of content is essential for effective teaching and cannot be taken for granted; that it has a significant bearing on teaching and student learning, and that it is used as a cadre to define professional teaching knowledge. PCK also provides the uniquely necessary knowledge for the transformation of the different types of knowledge required for Social Studies teaching and evolves over time due to the progressive awareness of students' needs, while a wealth of content knowledge is imperative for the development of a comprehensive pedagogical content knowledge. The paper recommends that the Ghana Education Service (GES) should conduct regular in-service training for teachers on the enhancement of their PCK, to enable them select appropriate TLMs and pedagogical approaches that foster meaningful learning for students.

Farmers’ Perceptions on the Impacts of Climate Change (CC) on Crops Output

Isaac Verberk Mensah — 2022-07-05

The study aimed at examining farmers’ perceptions on the impacts of climate change on food crops and the farming practices that contribute to climate change (CC) in Bibiani – Ahwiaso – Bekwai municipality of Western North Region of Ghana. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for this study. The population of the study consisted of the number of households in six communities (Hwenampori, Wenchi, Tanoso, Awaso-Asempanaye, Kunkumso, and Sefwi Bekwai), officials from MoFA, GMA, and heads of households who are food crop farmers from the study area. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents for the study. 231 respondents were selected and contacted for information to aid them in the study. The main instruments for data collection were the administration of questionnaires to farmers, organization of focus group discussions with key informants, the use of structured interview guides on MoFA directorates and direct observation of some farms. The primary and secondary data were sourced mainly from household heads from the study communities who are in the production of maize, cassava, and plantain. Pearson Chi-Square and Cross-tabulation of the IBM SPSS Version 20 were also used in performing descriptive statistical analysis. The study revealed that the output of maize, cassava, and plantain have all proved to be negatively impacted by changes in rainfall and temperature patterns with a more significant impact observed from maize responses to temperature. The study also indicated that the impact of climate change may affect the crops at any stage of the production process right from the land preparation to the maturity stage of crops but the more profound effect is observed at fruit development and maturation stages. The study indicated that changes in temperature affect crop yield, especially during the fruit/seed development stage. The study revealed that most farmers (about 92.2%) have observed climate change in the study area and indicated events like unpredictable rainfall patterns, excessively high temperatures and strong winds. It is recommended that capacity building and awareness creation should be enhanced by GMA and MoFA through the media to ensure that communication about climate change and food security is meaningful. This means that education on diversification of farming methods has not been enough if there is any at all in the area. Awareness creation, therefore, allows people to make informed and responsible decisions toward sustainable farming practices which will lead to food security and also environmental sustainability.

Appraisal of Challenges and Community Promotion in WASH Facilities in Senior High Schools in Ghana

Irene Tudagbe-Obour — 2022-06-26

This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study population covered the house masters and mistresses, students, teachers, grounds prefect and WASH coordinators in the Assin Manso, Adankwaman, Nyankomasi Ahenkro, Assin Nsuta Agric Senior High Schools in the Assin South District. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select respondents for the study. The sample size for the study was 216. Two hundred students (200) were selected from the four senior high schools in the District, that is, 50 students from each school, four (4) grounds prefects, one from each school, eight (8) house masters /mistresses, that is, two (2) from each school, and four (4) WASH coordinators one each from a school. The main tools used for the study were semi-structured questionnaires, interview guide and observation checklist. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Descriptive data were analysed qualitatively and emerging themes from the data were obtained and categorised and then interpreted through the interview guide with observation checklist digital data such as photographs were used to bring out some aspects of the schools’ surrounding. On the other hand, quantitative data were collected using questionnaire on the numbers of schools and WASH facilities, and analysed using SPSS. The study indicated that the failure of the school administration to maintain the WASH facilities will eventually lead to their breakdown, thus making it difficult for the students to use them. The study also revealed that the poor participation by the communities in the provision and maintenance of the WASH facilities stems from the fact they do not get any direct benefit from the schools. It is recommended that, in promoting WASH facilities in the schools, administrators must include maintenance of the facilities in their provision to ensure their long-term use, other than that the facilities will break down, and resources will have to be mobilized again to repair them or provide new ones. It is also recommended that, Rules and regulations concerning the use and maintenance of WASH facilities should be made by school administration and copies given to the students to guide them as they use the facilities.

Teachers Knowledge in Integrating Affective Domain in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies

Bright Korankye Appau — 2022-06-20

The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ knowledge in integrating affective domain in teaching and learning of Social Studies lessons in the junior high schools in Aowin Municipality. A quantitative approach and survey research design used the study. The study population constituted Social Studies teachers in the 40 Junior High Schools in the Aowin Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. Simple random and convenient sampling techniques were used to sample the respondents of the study. The sampling technique was to ensure the representativeness of the sample. The study used structured questionnaires to collect the data. Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages was used in this study. SPSS was used to analyse the data. The study concluded that the Social Studies teachers have some level of knowledge of the principles of developing affective test items. The study also indicated that Social Studies teachers in the study area can define affective objectives in behavioural terms and have some level of knowledge of the principles of developing affective test items, they do not teach the affective domain. It is recommended that, Coordinators for junior high schools and the headmasters (academic) should ensure that affective objectives are inculcated in the general lesson objectives of Social Studies teachers. Intensive in-service training should be ran for Social Studies teachers to equip them on the formulation of affective objectives. It is also recommended that in service training should be organised by the education directorate in the municipality to train teachers in the teaching of lessons involving the affective domain. The headmasters, as well as the coordinators for junior high schools, should monitor whether teacher’s qualification reflect in the teaching of the social studies lessons that involve the affective domain.

Social Studies Teachers’ Competence in Assessing Learning Outcomes in Affective Domain

Bright Korankye Appau — 2022-06-18

The main purpose of this study was to examine Social Studies teachers’ competence in teaching and assessing learning outcomes in affective domain in senior high schools in the Aowin Municipality in Western North Region in Ghana. A quantitative approach was used in this study as it allowed the researchers to carry out an objective analysis and generate factual knowledge through measurement. The survey design was used for the study. The study population constituted Social Studies teachers in the 40 Junior High Schools in the Aowin Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. Simple random and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the schools and respondents for the study. The simple random sampling was used to select 20 schools to participate in the study. This was to provide an equal opportunity for each school to participate in the study. From these selected schools, a convenience sampling technique was used in selecting forty (40) teachers (two from each school in the Aowin Municipality where Social Studies is offered as a core subject. The main instrument used for the study was structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages was used to analysis the data in this study. The study concluded that Social Studies teachers hardly teach and assess directly in the affective outcome, hence the affective domain is neglected in the teaching and learning of the subject. It is recommended that the universities and other training institutions should strengthen the teaching on the use of the techniques for assessing the affective domain. In-service training courses should also be organised regularly for social studies teachers on the use of the techniques for the assessment of affective domain.

Teachers’ Knowledge in the Implementation of Social Studies lessons in the Classroom: Formative Assessment Practices

Nicholas Aning Boadu — 2022-06-05

The purpose of the study was to examine Social Studies teachers’ knowledge in the implementation of Social Studies lessons in formative assessment practices in Asante Akim North Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study employed both descriptive and interpretative techniques. The population for the study consisted of all Social Studies teachers and students in the Senior High Schools in the Asante Akim North Municipality of the Ashanti Region. Purposive, convenient and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the schools, teachers and students for the study in all, seventeen (17) Social Studies teachers and fifty (50) students were selected from six (6) Senior High Schools. The main instrument for data collection observation, interview and focus group discussion. The study revealed that not lessons presented were in line with the general objective of the subject (Social Studies). This affected the students understanding of concepts in the subject in helping them to right wrong their decision making. The study also indicates that teaching and learning Social Studies should not be one-man affair, with the teacher doing all the talking and the students doing all the listening. It is recommended that Ghana Education Service should organise workshops and in-service training for Social Studies teachers at the Senior High School level on how to present and evaluate social Studies lessons in order to realise the goals and objectives envisaged for national development. It is also recommended that teachers who have the exposure of the subject and are equally qualified to teach it at the Senior High Schools but are found teaching at the basic level, should be allowed by the Ghana Education Service to teach the subjects at the Senior High School level. The Government of Ghana should make it a laid down policy for the recruitment of qualified Social Studies teachers to teach at the Senior High School (SHS) level for effective assessment in the classroom.

Students’ Knowledge Base in the Value of Honesty in Senior High Schools

Solomon Appiah — 2022-05-22

The purpose of the study was to examine the knowledge base of students in the Assin Manso Senior High School in the central region of Ghana. A qualitative method was used in this study. The population of the study comprised students from Assin Manso senior high school in the Central Region of Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select forty (40) respondents for this study. The forty (40) respondents consisted of all Students Representative Councils (SRC) members in the school. Each class has a representation in the study. The main instrument for data collection was interview guide. The data collection was done using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The qualitative data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the interview. The themes were related to the research question. The study revealed that honesty is being loyal to a colleague, covering them up and standing by them as well. The study also indicated that honesty depict “we feeling” or “solidarity”, so to them any students who does the opposite is considered to be dishonest. It is recommended that, Students who obey the school rules and regulations should be motivated by the school authorities in order to encourage the other students to do same. It is also recommended that parents and educators, should all advocate the teaching of moral values in our schools to instil in students the benefits that honest brings to them, the school, the family, community and the country as a whole.

Teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge in the Junior High School Social Studies Curriculum

Abu Bakar — 2022-05-18

Knowledge of the content alone is no guarantee for effective teaching and learning, there is the need for teachers to demonstrate high level of technological and pedagogical power. The study examined the technological pedagogical content knowledge of Social Studies teachers’ in Junior High Schools in Aowin municipality in the Western North Region of Ghana. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population for the study included all Social Studies teachers in the public Junior High Schools in the Aowin Municipality. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the Seventy-four (74) Junior High Schools and Seventy-four (74) the Social Studies teachers for the study. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The study revealed that, teachers have adequate content knowledge to teach Social Studies but there are doubts as to whether their knowledge is current. The study also concluded that, teachers were not confident about their technological, pedagogical and content knowledge in Social Studies and this resulted in their negative attitude towards the integration of technology in classroom activities. It is recommended that, the Ghana Education Service should organize In-Service Training and refresher courses for teachers to keep them current and up-to-date their content knowledge in Social Studies. It is also recommended that, teachers should adopt positive attitudes towards learning and using technology in their day-to-day activities.

Perceptions and Effective Implementation of Peace Education in Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana

Ebenezer Spio Anim — 2022-05-10

The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions and effective implementation of peace education in Senior High Schools in Ekumfi District in the Central Region of Ghana. The study was underpinned by the Integrative Theory of Peace Education (ITPE) [1]. The study adopted the mixed methods approach where the exploratory sequential mixed method design was employed. The convenience and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 20 and 350 participants for the qualitative and quantitative stages of the study respectively. Semi-structured interview guide and questionnaire were the main tools used to collect data for the study. The qualitative data were analyzed through the thematic approach with the help of NVivo 12 Plus while the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and standard deviation with the aid of SPSS version 20. The study indicated that peace education in the schools is relevant in mentoring students who would be advocates of peace in their respective communities, preparing future leaders who are required to uphold peace and espouse peaceful attributes in their dealings with the publics as well as championing the path of national development. The study also revealed that teachers needed to be trained on the principles, knowledge, and skills required to effectively deliver peace education in the schools. The point is made that when these challenges are tackled, it will pave the way for the smooth implementation of peace education in the schools. It is recommended that peace education should be accorded the needed importance in the school curriculum. It is also recommended that the management of the schools should design and implement co-curricular programmes that are tailored towards the delivery of peace education to the students. It is further recommended that the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NaCCA) of the Ghana Education Service should incorporate peace education as a topic in the Social Studies curriculum as part of the curriculum reforms for the Senior High Schools in Ghana.

Challenges of Instructional Supervision of Social Studies Lessons in the Public Basic Junior High Schools in Ghana

Emmanuel Adom Ashun — 2022-04-17

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges faced by School Improvement Support Officers, Headmasters and teachers during the instructional supervision of Social Studies lessons in the public basic junior high schools in the Aowin Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. The study adopted sequential explanatory research design. The population of the study included School Improvement Support Officers (SISOs), Headteachers and teachers of selected from Junior High Schools in Aowin Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select ten (10) SISOs and sixty (60) Headteachers in the Aowin Municipality. Stratified, simple random and quota sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) teachers for the study. The two main instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview guide. The quantitative data entry and analysis was done by using the SPSS version 22 software package. The data was edited, coded and analysed into frequencies, percentages with interpretations. The qualitative data was analysed by the use of the interpretative method. The study revealed that headteachers and School Improvement Support Officers (SISOs) faced challenges such as ; Poor road networks which affected planned supervision; Inability of district directorate to promptly, firmly and fairly acts upon reports from instructional supervision activities from supervisors; Lack of logistics for regular supervision; Insufficient up-to-date knowledge and skills for organizing instructional supervision; and Financial constraints. To overcome the challenges and poor supervisory techniques by headteachers and SISOs, it is recommended that these personnel should be oriented on modern trends in instructional supervision, provided with adequate and sufficient materials for instructional supervision, sufficient funds provided for organizing instructional supervision, the municipal directorate should fairly and firmly implement reports on instructional supervision activities and there should be good motivation package for supervisors to enable them to effectively perform their duties.

How to Attract Viewers through Advertisement Slogans? A Case on Figurative in Semantic Study

Herman Herman — 2022-03-25

An advertisement is the promotion of a product, brand, or service to customers in order to pique their attention and increase sales. Advertisement comes in many forms, like video, picture, and song. The main purpose of advertising is to make the product or brand known to the public and bought by people. In advertising, the producer or company will use the slogan as the product identity itself. Slogan can give bridge the advertisement about the image of product. In slogan there are short words, often memorable to send a message of the advertisement to the people. This study aimed to analyze the type of figurative language used in advertisement slogan. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative method. In this research, the researchers focused on English slogan of Indonesia advertising. The data were collected from internet, newspaper and television. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed by Kennedy’s (1983) theory. The researchers found there were 15 English slogan of advertisement. Based on the data analysis, the result of the research showed that the most types figurative language used in advertisement slogan was Metaphor (33,33%) or 5 slogans, personification (26,66%) or 4 slogans, hyperbole (26,66% ) or 4 slogans and symbol (13,33%) 2 slogans. The researchers did not found type of figurative language Simile, Litotes, Synecdoche, Allusion, Paradox, Irony, Ellipsis and Metanymy in advertisement slogans. As we can see, the dominant type of figurative language used in advertisement slogan was Metaphor with total amount 5 slogans (33,33%) from the data.

Sociolinguistics Analysis on Language Style Form at the Movie Script of Papillon

Dameria Purba — 2021-08-27

This research discusses language style at the movie script of Papillon. This research aims to classify the type of language style and the functions of the speakers’ utterances in using language style at the movie script of Papillon. The data source of this research was YouTube “Papillon” which was aired on September, 26th 2018. This study utilized theories of Martin Joos' types of language styles and Roman Jakobson's function. Data from the Papillon Movie Script. Researchers have implemented qualitative research designs to answer the research question. The researchers used documentation as a tool for research. The researchers found 30 language-style data sets as a result of their inves-tigation. The scientists discovered many linguistic styles. The styles are as follows: 1 data point or 3%, 6 data points or 20%, were discovered in frozen style; 11 data points or 37%, casual style 6 to 20, and intimate style 6 to 20 were found in consultancies. The following five roles were revealed in the language style: expressive, guiding, referential, metalinguistic and phasic. There were 6 data or 20 percent of expressive function; the directive works 3 or 10 percent, the reference function found 8 or 27%, the metalinguistic function discovered 7 or 23% and the phatic function discovered 6 data or 20%. No poetic function is available in the film.

Criminal Legislative Policy in the Protection of Water Resources with Regard to International Treaties: A case for Iranian Legal System

Nima Norouzi — 2021-09-02

Human life and survival on Earth depend on the exploitation of diverse resources, including water. Improper use of environmental resources will lead to pollution and destruction. As one of the most sensitive areas of the environment to which human life depends, water is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. The protection of the health of water resources has created the need for intervention and the use of legal and criminal solutions in organizing their use. Domestic penal policy in the field of legislation, inspired by the provisions of Sharia law, along with local and national considerations for the protection of water resources, has, directly and indirectly, affected the requirements of accession to international instruments and has enacted regulations on the protection of small water resources.

Environmental Constitutionalism in Latin America

Ahmad Shohani — 2021-09-02

Chile is part of the phenomenon of Environmental Constitutionalism developed in the Latin American region. Thus its Political Constitution contemplates the right of people to live in an en-vironment free of contamination and establishes duties for the state regarding the Law and the protection of the environment. However, this formula has been deficient, which warrants re-thinking the issues related to the environment at the constitutional level. This work follows this path from the study of the constitutional reform projects currently in the National Congress to systematize analysis at the service of a change that is the basis for an adequate environmental le-gal framework, respectful of human rights human beings and that maximizes the protection of the environment.

Effective Teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana

Anthony Bordoh — 2021-09-02

The study focused Effective teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana. The study adopted the descriptive survey design using quantitative approach. The population for the study consisted of all Social Studies teachers in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Tano South District. There were fifty-two Social Studies teachers at the JHS level in the district. Non-probability sampling technique (purposive and convenient sampling techniques) was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all the fifty-two teachers and forty-one schools in the Tano South District. While the district was conveniently sampled for this study. The main instrument used to gather data was observation guide. The data gathered was analysed using the Statistical Product using Service Solutions (SPSS). The study concluded that, in respect to the teaching effectiveness of Social Studies teachers, the general performance in all the thematic areas assessed indicate that, Social Studies teachers are not at their optimum best in terms of planning and preparation, instructional skills, classroom management, communication skills and assessment skills. It is therefore recommended that, the Ministry of Education through the Ghana Education Service (GES) in collaboration with all the teacher training institutions training Social Studies teachers should fashion out teacher development programmes such as workshops and short courses for Social Studies teachers. In these programmes, the organisers must ensure that teachers have access to high quality content course work in Social Studies.

When we put spatial causalities first in production of scientific knowledge: notes on the geography of science

Mahmood Shoorcheh — 2021-06-13

Abstract: Any history of science has its own geography as well. Geographers of science have tried to put science in its place. They study the socio-spatial settings in which scientific knowledge was generated, displayed and legitimated. For them, science is socially constructed in spatialities and temporalities. The main question should to be “how” spatialities are constructing scientific knowledge via its “causalities”. Geography of science is not just about special places, locations, and regions in which scientific knowledge is unequally produced/consumed and circulated or how the use of scientific knowledge can lead to the production and reproduction of unique places and spaces. Geography of science is also about a variety set of spatial causalities through which scientific knowledge can be formed and transformed. This also means that the innovative knowledge or ideas development takes place not only in the spatial contexts but because of the spatial causalities which rise from the myriad interlinkages and interdependencies among places. These imperatives of spatial significance operate across many spatial scales from the body to the global. Hence, in our increasingly glocalized world, we must seek knowledge in spatial encounters and betweenness of places, not merely within spaces and places.

Modeling of Target Audience'S Intellectual Behavior

Vitakiy Katsalap — 2021-05-21

The article considers the problems of theoretical substantiation of negative informational and psychological impact evaluation principles, and conducting of relevant researches in this field. At the same time, due to imperfections of theory and practice of negative informational and psychological impact evaluation, previous researches were conducted mainly by “mirroring” the ways of information counteraction, both for our own measures of information and psychological influence, and for the adversary. The rationale for the methodological approaches used in the organization of information and psychological influence is due to inability to access the adversary's target audiences freely and gather the necessary information, as well as the inadequacy of assessing the degree of change in their behaviour. Characteristics mentioned in article classify target audiences according to defined indicators of remote information control of social and individual behaviour of possible objects of influence. Using the formulated conditions and relying on the psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of individuals, a database of target audience behaviour vulnerabilities is forming, that reflects the dependence of indicators of social behaviour perception changes on the intensity of external negative informational and psychological influences. The algorithm of target audience’s information perception is developed based on the model of planned behaviour, in which the subject’s overestimation of small values of probabilities are compared in dynamic with decrease of big ones. The proposed algorithm of evaluation of information-psychological impact allows to receive initial data based on which the model of target audience behaviour will be designed in any environmental conditions.

Application of Stochastic Dominance in Hedging Decision during COVID-19 Pneumonia Emergency Events

Wen Hsiang Chiu — 2021-05-26

With the rise of virtual currencies, Bitcoin has gradually become one of the safe-haven tools in the financial market. During situations of worldwide outbreaks of an infectious disease, investors pay special attention to asset allocation. Therefore, this study discusses the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, which has affected financial markets and has led investors to avoid risks through investing in traditional financial products or Bitcoin. We found that during the time of the COVID-19 pneumonia, Bitcoin and gold futures were used for hedging transactions in the face of unstable Chinese market conditions and under the pursuit of investors' maximization of return on in-vestment. Furthermore, there was also no difference between hedging through Bitcoin or gold futures; however, investors had a preference to invest in gold futures for hedging under the as-sumption that an investor was absolutely risk averse.