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Open Access January 11, 2025 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Exploring LiDAR Applications for Urban Feature Detection: Leveraging AI for Enhanced Feature Extraction from LiDAR Data

Abstract The integration of LiDAR and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized feature detection in urban environments. LiDAR systems, which utilize pulsed laser emissions and reflection measurements, produce detailed 3D maps of urban landscapes. When combined with AI, this data enables accurate identification of urban features such as buildings, green spaces, and infrastructure. This synergy is [...] Read more.
The integration of LiDAR and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized feature detection in urban environments. LiDAR systems, which utilize pulsed laser emissions and reflection measurements, produce detailed 3D maps of urban landscapes. When combined with AI, this data enables accurate identification of urban features such as buildings, green spaces, and infrastructure. This synergy is crucial for enhancing urban development, environmental monitoring, and advancing smart city governance. LiDAR, known for its high-resolution 3D data capture capabilities, paired with AI, particularly deep learning algorithms, facilitates advanced analysis and interpretation of urban areas. This combination supports precise mapping, real-time monitoring, and predictive modeling of urban growth and infrastructure. For instance, AI can process LiDAR data to identify patterns and anomalies, aiding in traffic management, environmental oversight, and infrastructure maintenance. These advancements not only improve urban living conditions but also contribute to sustainable development by optimizing resource use and reducing environmental impacts. Furthermore, AI-enhanced LiDAR is pivotal in advancing autonomous navigation and sophisticated spatial analysis, marking a significant step forward in urban management and evaluation. The reviewed paper highlights the geometric properties of LiDAR data, derived from spatial point positioning, and underscores the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in object extraction from point clouds. The study also covers concepts related to LiDAR imaging, feature selection methods, and the identification of outliers in LiDAR point clouds. Findings demonstrate that AI algorithms, especially deep learning models, excel in analyzing high-resolution 3D LiDAR data for accurate urban feature identification and classification. These models leverage extensive datasets to detect patterns and anomalies, improving the detection of buildings, roads, vegetation, and other elements. Automating feature extraction with AI minimizes the need for manual analysis, thereby enhancing urban planning and management efficiency. Additionally, AI methods continually improve with more data, leading to increasingly precise feature detection. The results indicate that the pulse emitted by continuous wave LiDAR sensors changes when encountering obstacles, causing discrepancies in measured physical parameters.
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Open Access January 02, 2025 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

A review of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. ethnobotany in Italy and North Africa

Abstract Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., commonly known as prickly pear, is a versatile plant widely used for food, medicinal, and cosmetic purposes in various regions of the Mediterranean and North Africa. This study provides a comparative ethnobotanical review of prickly pear uses in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Italy. In total, 74 articles were selected from ethnobotanical uses in Italy, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. In the Maghreb, the plant is used for fruit production and processed products, such as jams, oils, and flours, as well as for traditional medicinal purposes. In Algeria and Morocco, the fruits and cladodes are used to treat digestive disorders, diabetes, and skin diseases. In Tunisia, products derived from O. ficus-indica are also applied in the cosmetic industry and for erosion control. In Italy, particularly in Sicily and Calabria, the prickly pear is a vital resource, used for both food consumption and for medicinal purposes. The cladodes, rich in mucilage, are applied as topical remedies for skin problems, while the fruits are a key ingredient in the preparation of traditional desserts. Furthermore, O. ficus-indica [...] Read more.
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., commonly known as prickly pear, is a versatile plant widely used for food, medicinal, and cosmetic purposes in various regions of the Mediterranean and North Africa. This study provides a comparative ethnobotanical review of prickly pear uses in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Italy. In total, 74 articles were selected from ethnobotanical uses in Italy, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. In the Maghreb, the plant is used for fruit production and processed products, such as jams, oils, and flours, as well as for traditional medicinal purposes. In Algeria and Morocco, the fruits and cladodes are used to treat digestive disorders, diabetes, and skin diseases. In Tunisia, products derived from O. ficus-indica are also applied in the cosmetic industry and for erosion control. In Italy, particularly in Sicily and Calabria, the prickly pear is a vital resource, used for both food consumption and for medicinal purposes. The cladodes, rich in mucilage, are applied as topical remedies for skin problems, while the fruits are a key ingredient in the preparation of traditional desserts. Furthermore, O. ficus-indica has historically been used as forage and to produce natural dyes. Results indicate that the versatility of this species, combined with its ability to adapt to extreme climates, makes it a valuable resource for the development of new nutraceutical and cosmetic products. However, further scientific research is necessary to explore the bio-functional potential of this plant and to promote its broader and more sustainable use, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Open Access January 02, 2025 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Ambient Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Potentially Toxic Silver-Polluted Environment

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (Ag+NPs) contamination in the environment is a serious concern. This study investigated selected heavy metal (Ag+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and Pb2+) concentrations at different sampling points to assess the risk to human health (infants, children, and adults). To do this, an enclosed area (laboratory) of 12.6 m X 8.5 m (107.1 [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (Ag+NPs) contamination in the environment is a serious concern. This study investigated selected heavy metal (Ag+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and Pb2+) concentrations at different sampling points to assess the risk to human health (infants, children, and adults). To do this, an enclosed area (laboratory) of 12.6 m X 8.5 m (107.1 m2) was clearly marked at different coded distances of S1, S2, S3, and S4 representing 2, 4, 6, and 8 m, while unpolluted atmosphere at 50 m away without Ag+NPs served as the control (S5). The silver fireworks were allowed to burn for an approximate 00h03m30s at each sampling points using a high-volume air sampler mounted at the Environmental Engineering Departmental Laboratory, Rivers State University, with windows and doors closed to simulate indoor conditions. Samples were digested using a mixture of analytical-grade nitric acid, analytical-grade hydrochloric acid and analyzed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Ag+ result at S1 shows 30,000 µg/cm3, S2 was 29,000 µg/cm3, while S3 was 28000 µg/cm3 and then S4 was 13,000 µg/cm3. These results exceeded the permissible values of the United States National Ambient Air Concentration for rural, urban and industrial areas (0.0005, 0.004 and 0.6 µg/cm3, respectively). The result for the control (S5) (0.037 µg/cm3) was within the maximum allowable value. Results from other heavy metals such as Cd were 1000, 743, 401, 153, 0.001 µg/cm3, Cr was 5000, 4000, 3729, 2960, 0.002 µg/cm3, Pb was 0.048, 0.041, 0.035, 0.034 and 0.01, µg/cm3, respectively. However, higher values of Ag+, Cd, and Cr indicated a higher propensity for the metals to be toxic (bioavailable). In addition, the assessment of the potential health risk posed by these metals proved contaminated and harmful. Visitors recorded high values in exposure concentration (EC) and low values in average daily dose (ADD).
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Open Access December 11, 2024 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Salsola tragus L. (Amaranthaceae) and Thymelaea gussonei Boreau (Thymelaeaceae): new records for the native vascular flora of Calabria (S-Italy) with some remarks about their taxonomy and distribution

Abstract Recent field investigations, performed across some of the less floristically known sectors of Calabria, have led to the discovery of Salsola tragus and Thymelaea gussonei [...] Read more.
Recent field investigations, performed across some of the less floristically known sectors of Calabria, have led to the discovery of Salsola tragus and Thymelaea gussonei, two new species for the regional vascular flora. By providing crucial biogeographical and taxonomic remarks, this work aims to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge of the rich, diversified and still poorly known native flora of Calabria. The biogeographical value of these new findings underlines the decisive role of field survey in the enhancement of the information on regional biodiversity, the essential basis for every further ecological study and conservation effort.
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Open Access November 26, 2024 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Impact of Classroom from the Primary Level of the Acquisition of English as a Second Language in Bangladesh

Abstract This paper examines the impact of primary level classroom environments on the acquisition of English as a second language (L2) in Bangladesh, comparing English-medium and Bangla-medium schools. The study investigates how different instructional approaches and early exposure to English influence language proficiency among students. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, [...] Read more.
This paper examines the impact of primary level classroom environments on the acquisition of English as a second language (L2) in Bangladesh, comparing English-medium and Bangla-medium schools. The study investigates how different instructional approaches and early exposure to English influence language proficiency among students. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and proficiency tests, the research reveals significant differences in language acquisition outcomes between the two educational settings. Findings indicate that students in English-medium schools, who are exposed to Natural approach methods of language learning and immersive English-speaking environments, demonstrate higher proficiency in speaking and listening skills compared to their Bangla-medium counterparts, who primarily receive grammar-focused instruction. The study highlights the critical role of early exposure to English, with students who begin learning the language at a younger age showing better phonological and syntactic development. Additionally, the integration of technology in language teaching emerges as a valuable tool for enhancing language learning, particularly in contexts with limited classroom exposure. The research suggests that Bangla-medium schools could benefit from adopting more interactive, student-centered teaching methods and integrating digital tools to support practical language use. The study's findings have significant implications for educational policy, advocating for a shift towards more immersive and communicative teaching practices to improve English language acquisition in Bangladesh. This research contributes to the broader understanding of SLA and offers practical recommendations for enhancing language education in similar contexts.
Article
Open Access April 29, 2024 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in a disturbed forest of the Douala- Edea National Park (Cameroon)

Abstract The Douala-Edea National Park is a coastal protected area that opens to the Atlantic Ocean, and contains an abundant wildlife which finds a privilege habitat there, and certain taxa such as epiphytes, which are of particular interest for conservation. In many tropical forests, vascular epiphytes are one of the richest taxa, with major impacts on the nutrient and hydrological cycles. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the disturbance of habitat on the floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in the Douala-Edea National Park. This study was carried out between January - April 2021 in three types of disturbed habitats at the northern part of the park. Three plots of 100 m × 100 m dimensions were laid out across three ecosystems along the Sanaga river. The sampling method consisted in the direct observation of five adjacent transects of 100 m x 20 m dimensions inside each plot. Epiphytes species were evaluated on all trees of DBH ≥10 cm. Epiphytes' life-forms and the position on the host trees occupied by the epiphytes were also recorded. A total of 18 species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were identified. Culcasia sp. was the most common species with a relative frequency of 30.27%. Biological indicators were represented by Ferns, with four species, and Orchidaceae, with one species. [...] Read more.
The Douala-Edea National Park is a coastal protected area that opens to the Atlantic Ocean, and contains an abundant wildlife which finds a privilege habitat there, and certain taxa such as epiphytes, which are of particular interest for conservation. In many tropical forests, vascular epiphytes are one of the richest taxa, with major impacts on the nutrient and hydrological cycles. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the disturbance of habitat on the floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in the Douala-Edea National Park. This study was carried out between January - April 2021 in three types of disturbed habitats at the northern part of the park. Three plots of 100 m × 100 m dimensions were laid out across three ecosystems along the Sanaga river. The sampling method consisted in the direct observation of five adjacent transects of 100 m x 20 m dimensions inside each plot. Epiphytes species were evaluated on all trees of DBH ≥10 cm. Epiphytes' life-forms and the position on the host trees occupied by the epiphytes were also recorded. A total of 18 species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were identified. Culcasia sp. was the most common species with a relative frequency of 30.27%. Biological indicators were represented by Ferns, with four species, and Orchidaceae, with one species. The epiphytes species richness was highest in the low disturbed habitat (13 species), and lowest in the highly disturbed habitat (8 species). Strict epiphytes were highly recorded in the low disturbed habitat (6 species), and were absent in the highly disturbed habitat. Hemi-epiphytes were the commonest life-form (12 species) in the highly disturbed habitat, and have been defined as indicators of the perturbation of the habitat. Canopy was mostly sollicitated by epiphytes in the low disturbed habitat (66.25%) than the moderate disturbed habitat (49.85%), and highly disturbed habitat (30.66%). It has been found that the different forest sites have an influence on the typology of epiphytic species, and therefore, epiphytic flora should be managed for the conservation of the biodiversity in tropical forests.
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Open Access April 25, 2024 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Green spaces more adapted and resilient to the current and future climatic conditions in the south of Portugal (Algarve): Xerophytic gardens using xeromorphic succulents

Abstract Considering the current climate conjuncture, it is a consensus that green spaces in large contemporary urban areas should be increasingly more numerous and simultaneously more sustainable, being adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the site, and with reduced maintenance costs. In the case of Algarve, where this research is focused, the current and future water availability, assumes a [...] Read more.
Considering the current climate conjuncture, it is a consensus that green spaces in large contemporary urban areas should be increasingly more numerous and simultaneously more sustainable, being adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the site, and with reduced maintenance costs. In the case of Algarve, where this research is focused, the current and future water availability, assumes a preponderant role in the design of green spaces, where the demands mentioned above can only be achieved if we deviate from conventional landscape practices and develop holistic strategies of management and design of green spaces that integrate different areas of knowledge and not merely aesthetic issues. In this context, this work aims to develop more adapted and resilient landscaping practices to the current and future climatic conditions of the Algarve, thus reinventing the concept of landscaping in the south of Portugal. Thus, it will be of paramount importance to develop more sustainable, resilient and tolerant projects to worsening ecological conditions, particularly limitations associated with water availability. The xeromorphic succulents are a group of plants with mechanisms of tolerance to water stress and with very specific characteristics, being succulence one of the most relevant. Studies on these mechanisms are increasingly frequent, which may prove to be very advantageous in our adaptation to future climatic challenges. In addition, their ornamental potential is enormous, since their bold forms and colours are a veritable sensory explosion, which, combined with their morphological and physiological characteristics, make them the species of choice in the reconversion or creation of xerophytic gardens.
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Open Access March 08, 2024 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Analysis of Toxic Contaminants in Agriculture: Educational Strategies to Avoid Their Influence on Food

Abstract A diagnosis of the current state of the crops is made regarding the control of weeds, use of pesticides, fungicides; with an assessment of the state of the plant covers in the crop, and its control by different types of herbicides, and we detected a high loss of biological diversity; and some of these compounds are mentioned due to their high toxicity. Similarly, the use of pesticides and [...] Read more.
A diagnosis of the current state of the crops is made regarding the control of weeds, use of pesticides, fungicides; with an assessment of the state of the plant covers in the crop, and its control by different types of herbicides, and we detected a high loss of biological diversity; and some of these compounds are mentioned due to their high toxicity. Similarly, the use of pesticides and fungicides is discussed due to their repercussions on health. In order to avoid the unhealthiness caused by the applications of these products, phytosanitary and educational control strategies are proposed; promoting the inspection of fruit and vegetable markets, and modifying the contents in higher professional and university education. To this end, we propose an active teaching methodology, through which the student acquires skills and responsibility for the use of chemical agents in agriculture, which serves to prevent the entry of these contaminants into the food chain. Of the different polluting chemical agents, in the case of herbicides we highlight Oxyfluorfen and Glyphosate with high toxicity and whose consumption is very high. In the case of pesticides and fungicides, among others are Organochlorine compounds, which have been detected in blood, and Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform, considered potent hepatotoxic and neurotoxic. The basic objective of this study is the awareness and acquisition of knowledge by future teachers about polluting agents, which will subsequently have an impact on society.
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Open Access December 19, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Conservation of Cuabal from Community Environmental Education: Results of an Implemented Proposal

Abstract The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a [...] Read more.
The spiny xeromorphic shrublands on serpentine (cuabales) constitute outstanding plant formations for the conservation of Cuban biodiversity, due to their floristic richness, high number of endemic species and local endemism, as well as their economic, social, cultural value and functions environmental. In the Callejón de Los Patos of Santa Clara, there are relicts of cuabal, although they show a high level of deterioration due to human activity. This article presents the main results of an investigation, which focused on implementing actions for the development of Community Environmental Education, with emphasis on the conservation of cuabal, in Callejón de Los Patos. For the intervention process, the Community Self-Development Methodology was used, which is qualitative par excellence, and the investigative methods: document analysis, participant observation, in-depth, group and structured interviews, drawing directed, the reflective group, techniques group and triangulation of data. The main results of the research are: the diagnosis and implementation of actions, designed from the process of Community Environmental Education, which was developed at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes National Rural School, of said settlement. During the intervention process, the development of cognitive, procedural and attitudinal knowledge for the conservation of cuabal was verified in the schoolchildren, contributing to the strengthening of the school as the most important cultural center of the community, as aspired in the Cuban National Education System.
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Open Access December 12, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Threatened Wildlife for an Instructional Approach about Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract Biodiversity is related to a global problem: its destruction, a fact supported by scientific authorities. It is not trivial that educational dimension has been contemplated as one of the strategies for its conservation. Since 1992 global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity postulates concepts that linked education and nature conservation. The main objective of this research work is to test the level of assimilation of extracurricular scientific knowledge by primary school pupils. The method chosen for the content was, on the one hand, a master class intervention with an interactive presentation on a digital whiteboard. Third cases were chosen. Each case consisted of a presentation of the current status of a species of fauna present in Spain. On the second part, students were asked to write an essay and to illustrate the experience during the presentation. Regarding the essays, students showed that they were more attracted to the first species that was presented (Iberian lynx) in a proportion of over 45% of cases. The “Endangered species” concept appeared in more than 77% of the texts reviewed. In terms of drawings, almost 55% of the responses seem to devote more attention to the second species described (Testudo graeca [...] Read more.
Biodiversity is related to a global problem: its destruction, a fact supported by scientific authorities. It is not trivial that educational dimension has been contemplated as one of the strategies for its conservation. Since 1992 global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity postulates concepts that linked education and nature conservation. The main objective of this research work is to test the level of assimilation of extracurricular scientific knowledge by primary school pupils. The method chosen for the content was, on the one hand, a master class intervention with an interactive presentation on a digital whiteboard. Third cases were chosen. Each case consisted of a presentation of the current status of a species of fauna present in Spain. On the second part, students were asked to write an essay and to illustrate the experience during the presentation. Regarding the essays, students showed that they were more attracted to the first species that was presented (Iberian lynx) in a proportion of over 45% of cases. The “Endangered species” concept appeared in more than 77% of the texts reviewed. In terms of drawings, almost 55% of the responses seem to devote more attention to the second species described (Testudo graeca). An attempt was made to offer rigorous, structured information related to different aspects of natural reality in order to contemplate the broadest possible vision. The example of an instructional intervention presented here aims to be an alternative to other transmissive teaching models. Likewise, the linking of abstract concepts with socio-cultural reality proved to be a successful strategy to reinforce knowledge about natural biodiversity, endangered species or threat factors.
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Open Access November 10, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

New records for the alien vascular flora of Calabria (S-Italy)

Abstract While alien organisms, vascular plants included, are progressively increasing their worldwide impact on habitats, the present research confirms a similar dangerous trend for Calabria, the southernmost and floristically richest region of Italian Peninsula. The set of additional alien taxa here recorded for the vascular flora of Calabria includes: Acacia melanoxylon, Bidens subalternans, Buddleja davidii, Cucurbita moschata, Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus, Hesperocyparis glabra, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Mahonia aquifolium, Morus indica, Oenothera speciosa, Prunus serotina, Pyracantha fortuneana, Rudbeckia laciniata, Solanum nitidibaccatum, Sparaxis bulbifera, Tradescantia cerinthoides, [...] Read more.
While alien organisms, vascular plants included, are progressively increasing their worldwide impact on habitats, the present research confirms a similar dangerous trend for Calabria, the southernmost and floristically richest region of Italian Peninsula. The set of additional alien taxa here recorded for the vascular flora of Calabria includes: Acacia melanoxylon, Bidens subalternans, Buddleja davidii, Cucurbita moschata, Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus, Hesperocyparis glabra, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Mahonia aquifolium, Morus indica, Oenothera speciosa, Prunus serotina, Pyracantha fortuneana, Rudbeckia laciniata, Solanum nitidibaccatum, Sparaxis bulbifera, Tradescantia cerinthoides, Ulmus pumila. These additional 18 taxa bring the total number of alien species from 382 to 400. The most represented biological forms are scapose therophyte and scapose phanerophyte with 5 species (27.8% of the total). The most frequent biogeographic origins of the surveyed species are North America (6 species; 33.3%), followed by Asia and South America both with 4 species (22.2%). The most common habitats hosting the recorded alien taxa are roadsides (8 species; 44.4%), although all surveyed plants have been found in deeply anthropized environments. The altitude of occurrence, extending 3 to 1,286 m a.s.l., together with other ecological data provided, demonstrate the ability of aliens to potentially colonize a wide range of environments in the region.
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Open Access November 28, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Breast Cancer: A Review on Quality of Life, Body Image and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, with approximately two million new cases every year. The number of cases increases despite the high survival rate. The aim of this study is, therefore, to understand this cancer by finding out what has been studied in this area using scientific evidence published between 2003 and 2023. A search was therefore carried out for scientific [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, with approximately two million new cases every year. The number of cases increases despite the high survival rate. The aim of this study is, therefore, to understand this cancer by finding out what has been studied in this area using scientific evidence published between 2003 and 2023. A search was therefore carried out for scientific articles and other relevant sources on the subject with free access, and 48 documents were then analyzed. According to the analysis, many studies have been conducted in the area, particularly on quality of life and body image. However, little has been done in terms of environmental sustainability and breast cancer.
Review Article
Open Access November 10, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil-Contaminated Utisol, Using Nutrient Formulate Produced from Jatropha tanjorensis Leaf Extract

Abstract This work evaluated the bioremediation potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract at different masses (250g, 500g and 750g) over a 40-day period. To achieve this, crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil was stimulated in twelve plastic reactors containing fixed masses of soil (4kg each) of topsoil homogenized with 500g of Bonny light crude oil. The Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were cultivated, rinsed with distilled water, blended, and purified by filtration. The leaf extract was applied at the stated concentrations including a control reactor (without leaf extract). The plastics reactors were kept in an open air shielded away from rainfall. The physicochemical characteristics determined were particle size distribution (PSD), potential of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb) and sample management were all in line with standard procedure. After 40 days of treatment, results obtained showed that plastic reactor with 750g of leaf extract produced the highest amount of cadmium reduction of 97% (from an initial of and there was significant difference among treatment (P < 0.05). The sequence of reduction among treatment was 750g > 500g > 250g of the leaf extract. Chromium, Lead and zinc followed similar trend. Thus, the Jatropha tanjorensis [...] Read more.
This work evaluated the bioremediation potential of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract at different masses (250g, 500g and 750g) over a 40-day period. To achieve this, crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil was stimulated in twelve plastic reactors containing fixed masses of soil (4kg each) of topsoil homogenized with 500g of Bonny light crude oil. The Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were cultivated, rinsed with distilled water, blended, and purified by filtration. The leaf extract was applied at the stated concentrations including a control reactor (without leaf extract). The plastics reactors were kept in an open air shielded away from rainfall. The physicochemical characteristics determined were particle size distribution (PSD), potential of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb) and sample management were all in line with standard procedure. After 40 days of treatment, results obtained showed that plastic reactor with 750g of leaf extract produced the highest amount of cadmium reduction of 97% (from an initial of and there was significant difference among treatment (P < 0.05). The sequence of reduction among treatment was 750g > 500g > 250g of the leaf extract. Chromium, Lead and zinc followed similar trend. Thus, the Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract has the potential to ameliorate crude oil-contaminated soil.
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Open Access November 01, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Individual Wave Component Signal Modeling, Parameters Extraction, and Analysis

Abstract The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel [...] Read more.
The accurate estimation of Individual Wave Components (IWC) is crucial for automated diagnosis of the human digestive system in a clinical setting. However, this process can be challenging due to signal contamination by other signal sources in the body, such as the lungs and heart, as well as environmental noise. To address this issue, various denoising techniques are commonly employed in bowel sound signal processing. While denoising is important, it can increase computational complexity, making it challenging for portable devices. Therefore, signal processing algorithms often require a trade-off between fidelity and computational complexity. This study aims to evaluate an IWC parameter extraction algorithm that was previously developed and reconstruct the IWC without denoising using synthetic and clinical data. To that end, the role of a reliable model in creating synthetic data is paramount. The rigorous testing of the algorithm is limited by the availability of quality and quantity recorded data. To overcome this challenge, a mathematical model has been proposed to generate synthetic bowel sound data that can be used to test new algorithms. The proposed algorithm’s robust performance is evaluated using both synthetic and clinically recorded data. We perform time-frequency analysis of original and reconstructed bowel sound signals in various digestive system states and characterize the performance using Monte Carlo simulation when denoising is not applied. Overall, our study presents a promising algorithm for accurate IWC estimation that can be useful for predicting anomalies in the digestive system.
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Open Access September 22, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Bioremediation of Total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil using Costus afer Plant

Abstract Costus afer is a well-known medicinal plant abundant in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The successful growth of Costus afer plant on crude oil contaminated soil adds to the list of plants that has potential to get rid of harmful chemical compounds to save human life as well preserve the environment. This study investigates the remediation potential of Costus afer plant at different ages (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days old) to decontaminate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. To achieve this, contamination of sandy-loam soil was simulated by mixing T0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L of Bonny-Light crude oil with 48 kg of the soil in three separate reactors to achieve conditions of low, medium, and high contamination, respectively. The reactor with medium-level contaminated soil served as the control. The plants were nursed and transplanted at the stated ages to each reactor except the control. Controlled irrigation was applied, and the setups were housed to shield them from rainfall. After 90 days of treatment, results showed that the 7 days old plants produced the highest amounts of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) reduction of 99.71, 90.10, and 84.06 % in the soil with low, medium, and high contamination, respectively. Furthermore, the sequence of TPAH reduction by the plants was 14 days old > 21 days old > 28 days old > 35 days old > 42-days old. Thus, in addition to its medicinal value, Costus afer [...] Read more.
Costus afer is a well-known medicinal plant abundant in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The successful growth of Costus afer plant on crude oil contaminated soil adds to the list of plants that has potential to get rid of harmful chemical compounds to save human life as well preserve the environment. This study investigates the remediation potential of Costus afer plant at different ages (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days old) to decontaminate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. To achieve this, contamination of sandy-loam soil was simulated by mixing T0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L of Bonny-Light crude oil with 48 kg of the soil in three separate reactors to achieve conditions of low, medium, and high contamination, respectively. The reactor with medium-level contaminated soil served as the control. The plants were nursed and transplanted at the stated ages to each reactor except the control. Controlled irrigation was applied, and the setups were housed to shield them from rainfall. After 90 days of treatment, results showed that the 7 days old plants produced the highest amounts of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) reduction of 99.71, 90.10, and 84.06 % in the soil with low, medium, and high contamination, respectively. Furthermore, the sequence of TPAH reduction by the plants was 14 days old > 21 days old > 28 days old > 35 days old > 42-days old. Thus, in addition to its medicinal value, Costus afer plant also has the potential to restore crude oil-contaminated soils.
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Open Access September 13, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

A Comparative Study of Attention-Based Transformer Networks and Traditional Machine Learning Methods for Toxic Comments Classification

Abstract With the rapid growth of online communication platforms, the identification and management of toxic comments have become crucial in maintaining a healthy online environment. Various machine learning approaches have been employed to tackle this problem, ranging from traditional models to more recent attention-based transformer networks. This paper aims to compare the performance of attention-based [...] Read more.
With the rapid growth of online communication platforms, the identification and management of toxic comments have become crucial in maintaining a healthy online environment. Various machine learning approaches have been employed to tackle this problem, ranging from traditional models to more recent attention-based transformer networks. This paper aims to compare the performance of attention-based transformer networks with several traditional machine learning methods for toxic comments classification. We present an in-depth analysis and evaluation of these methods using a common benchmark dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the strengths and limitations of each approach, shedding light on the suitability and efficacy of attention-based transformers in this domain.
Article
Open Access May 06, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Socioeconomic Drivers of Conservation Commitment: Residents’ Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Services Provided by Beaches in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract Beaches are known for their ability to provide people with several services – these are generally referred to as ‘ecosystem services’ and they have been identified as one of the ways through which nature relates to humans. However, beaches in Nigeria are challenged by mismanagement caused by anthropogenic factors. It is expected that people will demonstrate a certain amount of dedication to [...] Read more.
Beaches are known for their ability to provide people with several services – these are generally referred to as ‘ecosystem services’ and they have been identified as one of the ways through which nature relates to humans. However, beaches in Nigeria are challenged by mismanagement caused by anthropogenic factors. It is expected that people will demonstrate a certain amount of dedication to protecting this ecosystem to address this issue. Sometimes, a person's commitment to conservation is based on the advantages they anticipate or are currently experiencing from the ecosystem, which are a result of their socioeconomic traits. Against this backdrop, this study captured individuals’ commitment as their Willingness to Pay (WTP) for these ecosystem services, assessed their level of awareness of the various ecosystem services provided by beaches and investigated the impact of socioeconomic factors on participants’ willingness to pay. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a total of 221 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and content analysis. The results revealed that the cultural service provided by beaches was the most common ecosystem service identified by the participants. Furthermore, most of the participants were willing to pay less than $3 for beach maintenance while the major determinants of WTP were age, household size and education. This study recommended that the government should work with other stakeholders to set up programs that would boost people’s awareness of ecosystem services provided by beaches as well as reiterate the need to maintain this ecosystem to ensure continued enjoyment of the services provided.
Article
Open Access April 27, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Evaluation of the Critical risk factors in PPP - procured Mass Housing Projects in Abuja Nigeria - A fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) approach

Abstract The study accessed the critical risk factors in public-private partnership (PPP)-procured mass housing project (MHP) delivery in Nigeria. The research design adopts a quantitative approach, using well-structured questionnaires distributed to stakeholders involved in PPP-MHPs i.e. consultants, in-house professionals, contractors, and the organized private sector (OPS) registered with PPP [...] Read more.
The study accessed the critical risk factors in public-private partnership (PPP)-procured mass housing project (MHP) delivery in Nigeria. The research design adopts a quantitative approach, using well-structured questionnaires distributed to stakeholders involved in PPP-MHPs i.e. consultants, in-house professionals, contractors, and the organized private sector (OPS) registered with PPP departments in the Federal Capital Territory Development Authority (FCDA) Abuja, Nigeria. The instrument relates to the background information of respondents and the risk peculiar to PPP-MHP. Sixty-three (63) risk factors were submitted for the respondents to rank using Mean Item score (MIS) for risk occurrence and its severity, while risk significance index (RI) was used to determine the risk impact. Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) method was subsequently applied to determine the risk criticality groups and the overall risk level in the sector. The fuzzy set theory deals with ambiguous, subjective and imprecise judgments peculiar to decision making in construction project risk assessment. It aims to provide a synthetic evaluation of an object relative to a fuzzy decision environment with multiple criteria that requires qualitative linguistic terms. The findings show that thirty-one (31) risk factors were critical in the sector while financial and micro-economic risk group is contributing most significantly to the overall risk level in PPP-MHPs in Nigeria. The top 10 risk factors in the sector include availability of finance, high finance cost, the unstable value of the local currency, lack of creditworthiness, influential economic events (boom/recession), high bidding cost, poor financial market, financial attraction to project investors, interest rate volatility, inflation rate volatility, corruption and lack of respect for the law, non-involvement of the host community and poor execution of housing policies. The implication for practice is that having known the risk group contributing most significantly to the overall risk level in PPP-MHPs, adequate financial and budgetary allocation should be made available before embarking on such venture so as to sustain the scheme in the country. The study is one of the recent researches conducted on housing, since the procurement option is novel in the sector. The study is of immense value to PPP actors in providing necessary information required to formulate risk response methods in minimize the identified risk impact sector.
Article
Open Access February 04, 2023 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

A framework for evaluation of improvement opportunities for environmental impacts on construction works using life cycle assessment and value stream mapping concepts: offsite and onsite building construction

Abstract There have been various concerns about the environmental impact of construction works. This generates a need to take a more proactive approach in evaluating the environmental impacts of construction operations and further explore ways to reduce the environmental impacts. Enormous opportunities exist within the building industry to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the [...] Read more.
There have been various concerns about the environmental impact of construction works. This generates a need to take a more proactive approach in evaluating the environmental impacts of construction operations and further explore ways to reduce the environmental impacts. Enormous opportunities exist within the building industry to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the study is to develop a framework for the evaluation of improvement opportunities for environmental impact for onsite and offsite building construction works using life cycle assessment (LCA) and value-stream-mapping concepts. Various tools for LCA exist; however, there is a need for the development of an LCA framework and improvement opportunities that can be localized to various communities to evaluate improvement opportunities for building construction. This study conducts a review of methods to evaluate the LCA of buildings on local construction sites. A procedure for establishing improvement opportunities is also developed. Based on the author’s knowledge and experience, including site visits, using value stream mapping (VSM) techniques, a conceptual framework of the present state map and future state map of residential construction works was developed. The study presents a procedure for the evaluation of improvement opportunities for the environmental impacts of construction operations.
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