The bottom-up or informal placemaking process is “illegal”, practised only by the “poor” and “unintellectual” classes. The author argues that various classes practise informal placemaking regardless of their economic status or educational level. Studying the spatial manifestation of informal placemaking helps to understand the concrete needs of the residents and reconsider their role in identifying places. Aiming to comprehend informal placemaking and its importance, this study investigates informal placemaking in Sheraton Residence, Heliopolis, Cairo. The area is chosen for its formality, socio-economic and cultural patterns. Cases of informal placemaking in Sheraton Residence are described and analysed to pinpoint their role in creating a sense of place, territorial identity and comprehending their meaning. A comparison with cases in informal low-income housing is conducted to construct diversities and similarities. The study encourages the re-thinking of the public role in placemaking as a place of negotiation and belonging. We can improve their urban quality by re-thinking informal placemaking and looking at how people use the place. The general impression that only informal housing and low-educated classes practise informal placemaking is incorrect.Full article

This study seeks to introduce an interactive design concept by merging Adinkra and Bogolanfini symbols into textile designs and convert them into utilitarian products. The qualitative research design method and the human-centred design approach were employed to identify, understand and assess how effective Adinkra and Bogolanfini ideographs can be adapted for textile designs and other product applications. The target samples for this study comprises variety of Adinkra symbols and Bogolanfini patterns. The significance of sampling in this study was to select suitable kinds of Adinkra and Bogolanfini patterns. Lines, shapes and texture were utilised to determine which particular symbols were included and which were not suitable. The CorelDraw vector software was used to convert and develop images of the Adinkra symbols and Bògòlanfini patterns and then manipulated into the final textile design. The design outcomes are indicative of the fact that varieties of Adinkra symbols and Bogolanfini patterns are prospective image resources for textile designs. The study recommends that textile design students and practitioners at various institutions and dispositions should be encouraged to explore the breadth of ideographs available across the West African sub-region for design ideas.Full article

The study sought to investigate the Physical Properties of Fabrics: Chemical Compositions of Selected Detergents on Colourfastness of GTP Wax Print and ATL Wax Print (Indigo) in Ghana. A 3×2×2 factorial experiment which includes three washing cycles, the two detergents and two fabrics types were used or the study. A total of 146 specimens were cut randomly from along the warp and weft grain directions of ATL and GTP wax prints and subjected to washing and breaking at the laboratory using standard equipment. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel 2007 version and the results were presented using means and percentage tables. One-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used to test the hypotheses formulated. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the tensile strength between GTP and ATL wax prints after undergoing three washing cycles with Omo multiactive and Ariel enzymax. The degrading effect in terms of loss of tensile strength of Ariel enzymax on both wax prints was greater than that of Omo multiactive. There was no significant difference in the colour fastness between ATL and GTP wax prints after undergoing three washing cycles each with Ariel enzymax and Omo multiactive. It is recommended that both GTP and ATL fabric manufacturers should pay particular attention to the physical properties (such as thread count, fabric weight and weave type) when purchasing grey goods for further processing of their products. It is also recommended that, Ghana Standards Authority should make it compulsory for the manufacturers of washing detergents to indicate the correct chemical composition of their products on the packages.Full article

Sport is an art form. Every athlete thinks, creates, obeys rules, plans, and produces tangible results. Like most art forms, basketball for learning, monitoring, and understanding the sport requires all five senses. With the same logic by which an architect plans to build a building, the basketball team prepares for the game mode, the systems, which they will have in a match. In summary the players and the coaching staff think before they do. For this reason, in basketball it is important to create a philosophy and a system of values in the team. Values such as trust, solidarity, cooperation, ambition, consistency are important for building the mindset among stakeholders for the successful course of the team and for titles. Finally, sport produces knowledge. Basketball is an evolving and progressive sport. Adapting to modern requirements, studying, and monitoring new trends. For example, the specialization of players in Shoot, in speed in, power, strong, results in an increase in the ability of players to man-to-man attacks. On the other hand, the defensive function of both individual and team needs to deepen the proper treatment of powerful offensive players.Full article

Herein we introduce a reliable and effective method, allowing any musician, regardless of the theoretical background, to carry out a 4-way jazz harmonization of whatever melodic progression almost instantly, with few exceptions. Many jazz students experience a deep frustration in dealing with the harmonization of non-diatonic notes. Sometimes, moreover, a coherent harmonization of the aforementioned notes can turn out to be a very challenging task even for extremely skilled professionals. In this paper, the harmonization of the chromatic scale in different harmonic contexts is accurately discussed, by resorting to the well-known concepts of harmonic functions, tonicization, chromatic and diatonic parallelism, and auxiliary chords. All the chords are labelled so as to allow the reader to immediately understand their role in the particular harmonic context. Consequently, the procedure essentially translates into an optimization of the "harmonic flow".Full article

The major automated plants have produced large volumes of high-quality products at low cost by introducing various technologies, including robotics and artificial intelligence. The code of many defects on the surface of products is embedded with economic loss and sometimes functionality loss because products are rarely found with defects. Therefore, most items’ production is done based on prediction and has an invisible fluctuation in production. The detection process for hidden defect images requires a lot of costs and needs to be supported for better progress and quality enhancement. Paint shop defects should be analyzed from color changes to detect defects effectively by preventing the variability of product demand over time. It is not easy to take visible light images without noise because the paint surfaces are glossy. A few parts of illumination and shadows remain in images, even in larger size and high-resolution images. The various painted surfaces are also needed to reflect both color and texture information in computer vision models to classify defects precisely. Several automated detection systems have been applied to paint shop inspections using lasers, infrared, x-ray, electrical, magnetic, and acoustic sensors. The chance of paint shop defects can be low, unnecessarily low, compared to clouds in the sky, but those chances impact defect functionalities. Thus, they are called as “lessons learned.” Lately, artificial intelligence has been introduced to the field of factory automation, and many defect detection feeds have found footsteps in machine learning and deep learning. Recent attempts at deep learning-based defect detection are proposing simple techniques using specific neural network architectures with big data. However, big data is still in its early stages, and significant challenges exist in normalizing and annotating such data. To get cost-efficient and timely solutions tailored to automotive paint shops, it might be a better consideration to combine deep learning solutions with traditional computer vision and more elaborate machine learning methods.Full article