Background: Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) inducing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with multiple organ involvement is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment has mostly been focused on kidney, respiratory and cardiovascular supports and not against the bacteria that cause STEC-HUS. The use of bactericidal therapy has been shown to be antibiotic dependent and certain antibiotics inhibit the production and release of Shiga toxin, eradicate STEC without harmful effects, and improve outcome. Methods: A previously healthy 18-months-old girl with STEC causing severe colitis, kidney failure and multi-organ dysfunction was treated with antibiotics that were known to inhibit the release of Shiga toxin as a supplement to supportive care. Results: The antibiotic regime stopped the pathophysiological process with prompt clinical improvement in association with the disappearance of the Shiga toxins. Conclusions: The present case report fortifies and recommends appropriate antibiotic treatment during STEC-HUS, suggesting clinicians to consider the use of these in severe STEC-HUS as early as possible.

The building construction industry holds a crucial role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions globally. The targets for greenhouse gas emissions may not be achieved without a defined strategic plan to meet up with the set targets from various sectors of the economy. Recognizing the enormous potential that the building industry holds in contributing to global greenhouse gas GHG emission reduction, this study describes a framework on how optimization techniques can be used as a guide for emission reduction targets for the housing sector using illustrations of the onsite and offsite building construction industry. Given that some of the GHG gases are also sources of air pollution, this study includes a discussion on how the effort to address air pollution can be used to find a consensus towards addressing the concern about GHG emissions. This study presents procedures for simplified methods of estimation of GHG emissions that various municipalities around the globe can use to estimate and report the emissions from the building construction industry. The study presents a unifying strategy for emission management. The study also demonstrates how programming methods can be applied to GHG emissions management. The approach used in this study is transferable to other industries. The study recommends a unifying strategy for the management and control of emissions in the building construction industry. The study also recommends a coordinated effort in sharing best practices for emission control and management from all jurisdictions globally. In the effort to reduce global emission targets, further studies like this and its expansion is recommended for all sectors of the global economy. It is recommended that these studies should be followed by a concrete effort to achieve good implementation of sustainable emission reduction targets globally.

Poor irrigation water quality due to oil spillage on surface water can result in food insecurity, health and economic challenges. This paper investigated the effect of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHC) and lead (Pb) on irrigation water quality in the oil spill prone area of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Water samples were taken from five different sections labelled A, B, C, D, and E along the Choba River, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sections B, C, D and E were direct industrial effluent discharge points while section A was without direct industrial effluent discharge. Standard methods were employed in the water sampling and analysis. Suitability of Choba river water for irrigation was assessed by comprehensive pollution index (CPI) that incorporated salinity, sodicity, and permeability hazard potentials as well as the specific toxicity hazard potentials of TPHC and Pb. Results showed that all primary water parameters except pH were within the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines. The pH was low, ranging between 4.48 and 5.6. TPHC values for four out of the five samples were greater than the 10mg/l guideline as recommended by the Directorate of Petroleum Resources for surface water. TPHC for the four samples ranged between 14.52 and 174.32mg/l. The parameters with the most impact on CPI include EC, PI and TPHC with TPHC having the most impact. Water samples from sections A, B and E with CPI values 0.14, 0.37, and 0.8 respectively were classified in the clean, sub clean and slightly polluted categories respectively, while water samples from sections C and D with CPI values greater than 1 range from moderately to heavily polluted and not suitable for agricultural irrigation. Only water sample A was found suitable for irrigation.

Today, the presentation of a three-dimensional model of real-world features is very important and widely used and has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields, including surveying and spatial information systems, and those interested in the three-dimensional reconstruction of buildings. The building is the key part of the information in a three-dimensional city model, so extracting and modeling buildings from remote sensing data is an important step in building a digital model of a city. LiDAR technology due to its ability to map in all three modes of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional is a suitable solution to provide hyperspectral and comprehensive images of the building in an urban environment. In this review article, a comprehensive review of the methods used in identifying buildings from the past to the present and appropriate solutions for the future is discussed.