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Article Open Access July 24, 2024

Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018

Shervin Assari 1, 2, 3, 4,*, Mahbube Askari Azad 5 and Hossein Zare 5, 6
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
2
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
3
Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
4
Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
5
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
6
School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), College Park, United States
Publihed in: Current Research in Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 1, 2024)
Page(s): 20-33
DOI: 10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
Received
May 12, 2024
Revised
June 30, 2024
Accepted
July 22, 2024
Published
July 24, 2024
Keywords
Depressive Symptoms; Allostatic Load; Racial Disparities; Women Health; Racism
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Scientific Publications
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Cite This Article

APA Style
Assari, S. , Azad, M. A. , & Zare, H. (2024). Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018. Current Research in Public Health, 4(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
ACS Style
Assari, S. ; Azad, M. A. ; Zare, H. Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018. Current Research in Public Health 2024 4(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
Chicago/Turabian Style
Assari, Shervin, Mahbube Askari Azad, and Hossein Zare. 2024. "Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018". Current Research in Public Health 4, no. 1: 20-33. https://doi.org/10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
AMA Style
Assari S, Azad MA, Zare H. Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018. Current Research in Public Health. 2024; 4(1):20-33. https://doi.org/10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014 
@Article{crph1014,
AUTHOR = {Assari, Shervin and Azad, Mahbube Askari and Zare, Hossein},
TITLE = {Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018},
JOURNAL = {Current Research in Public Health},
VOLUME = {4},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {20-33},
URL = {https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/GJEID/article/view/1014},
ISSN = {2831-5162},
DOI = {10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014},
ABSTRACT = {Objective: Previous research has underscored the link between allostatic load—a comprehensive indicator of the cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress—and depression. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding how this relationship may differ across race and sex intersectional groups. This study aimed to investigate variations in the association between elevated allostatic load (AL>4) and depression among different race-sex intersectional groups within the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional secondary analysis utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018. The analysis included variables such as race, sex, age, socioeconomic status, depression (measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ), and allostatic load. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between race and sex with allostatic load, focusing on the likelihood of high depression as the outcome. Results: Across the pooled sample, an allostatic load greater than 4 was significantly associated with increased depression. Notably, an interaction effect was observed between race and AL>4 on depression among women, indicating that non-Hispanic Black women with a high allostatic load exhibited more pronounced depressive symptoms (Beta: 1.09, CI: 0.02-2.61). Conversely, among men, allostatic load greater than 4 neither correlated with nor interacted with race to influence depression levels. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical need to consider allostatic load as a key target for interventions that aim to reduce depression among Black women. These findings underscore the necessity for customized intervention strategies that address the nuanced race-sex disparities in the impact of allostatic load on mental health across populations.},
}
%0 Journal Article
%A Assari, Shervin
%A Azad, Mahbube Askari
%A Zare, Hossein
%D 2024
%J Current Research in Public Health

%@ 2831-5162
%V 4
%N 1
%P 20-33

%T Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018
%M doi:10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
%U https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/GJEID/article/view/1014

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Assari, Shervin
AU  - Azad, Mahbube Askari
AU  - Zare, Hossein
TI  - Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018
T2  - Current Research in Public Health
PY  - 2024
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SN  - 2831-5162
SP  - 20
EP  - 33
UR  - https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/GJEID/article/view/1014
AB  - Objective: Previous research has underscored the link between allostatic load—a comprehensive indicator of the cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress—and depression. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding how this relationship may differ across race and sex intersectional groups. This study aimed to investigate variations in the association between elevated allostatic load (AL>4) and depression among different race-sex intersectional groups within the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional secondary analysis utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018. The analysis included variables such as race, sex, age, socioeconomic status, depression (measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ), and allostatic load. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between race and sex with allostatic load, focusing on the likelihood of high depression as the outcome. Results: Across the pooled sample, an allostatic load greater than 4 was significantly associated with increased depression. Notably, an interaction effect was observed between race and AL>4 on depression among women, indicating that non-Hispanic Black women with a high allostatic load exhibited more pronounced depressive symptoms (Beta: 1.09, CI: 0.02-2.61). Conversely, among men, allostatic load greater than 4 neither correlated with nor interacted with race to influence depression levels. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical need to consider allostatic load as a key target for interventions that aim to reduce depression among Black women. These findings underscore the necessity for customized intervention strategies that address the nuanced race-sex disparities in the impact of allostatic load on mental health across populations.
DO  - Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018
TI  - 10.31586/gjeid.2024.1014
ER  -