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Article Open Access January 23, 2025

Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys

Shervin Assari 1, 2, 3, 4,* and Hossein Zare 5, 6
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
2
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
3
Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
4
Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
5
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
6
School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), Adelphi, MD, United States
Publihed in: Current Research in Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 1, 2025)
Page(s): 1-13
DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
Received
August 12, 2024
Revised
October 26, 2024
Accepted
November 19, 2024
Published
January 23, 2025
Keywords
: Socioeconomic status; Trauma; Early Puberty; Tobacco Use; Sex Differences; ABCD Study; Structural Equation Modeling
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Scientific Publications
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APA Style
Assari, S. , & Zare, H. (2025). Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys. Current Research in Public Health, 5(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
ACS Style
Assari, S. ; Zare, H. Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys. Current Research in Public Health 2025 5(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
Chicago/Turabian Style
Assari, Shervin, and Hossein Zare. 2025. "Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys". Current Research in Public Health 5, no. 1: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
AMA Style
Assari S, Zare H. Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys. Current Research in Public Health. 2025; 5(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.31586/jbls.2025.1135 
@Article{crph1135,
AUTHOR = {Assari, Shervin and Zare, Hossein},
TITLE = {Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys},
JOURNAL = {Current Research in Public Health},
VOLUME = {5},
YEAR = {2025},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-13},
URL = {https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/JBLS/article/view/1135},
ISSN = {2831-5162},
DOI = {10.31586/jbls.2025.1135},
ABSTRACT = {Objective: This study investigates the pathways linking socioeconomic status (SES), trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use, with a focus on how these relationships differ by sex. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we explore how SES and race contribute to trauma exposure, which in turn may influence early puberty and tobacco use. The study also examines potential mediating effects of trauma and early puberty on the association between SES and tobacco use, while comparing these pathways for males and females. Methods: Data were drawn from the ABCD study, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test direct and indirect pathways between SES, trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use. The sample was stratified by sex to assess differences in these relationships for males and females. Key predictors included SES, race, and age, while outcomes were trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use. The model assessed mediating effects of trauma and early puberty on tobacco use. Results: Trauma was a significant predictor of early puberty for females (B = 0.032, SE = 0.015, p = 0.039) but not males. Early puberty was significantly linked to tobacco use for females (B = 0.048, SE = 0.015, p = 0.001) but not for males. Additionally, trauma had an effect on tobacco use among females (B = 0.048, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001) but not males. Lower SES was significantly associated with higher trauma exposure for both males (B = -0.109, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001) and females (B = -0.110, SE = 0.015, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that trauma and early puberty play more significant roles in the pathways from SES to tobacco use for females than for males. While trauma and early puberty are crucial mediators for females, these factors are less predictive for males. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific interventions targeting trauma and early puberty as pathways to early tobacco use.},
}
%0 Journal Article
%A Assari, Shervin
%A Zare, Hossein
%D 2025
%J Current Research in Public Health

%@ 2831-5162
%V 5
%N 1
%P 1-13

%T Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys
%M doi:10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
%U https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/JBLS/article/view/1135

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Assari, Shervin
AU  - Zare, Hossein
TI  - Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys
T2  - Current Research in Public Health
PY  - 2025
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SN  - 2831-5162
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
UR  - https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/JBLS/article/view/1135
AB  - Objective: This study investigates the pathways linking socioeconomic status (SES), trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use, with a focus on how these relationships differ by sex. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we explore how SES and race contribute to trauma exposure, which in turn may influence early puberty and tobacco use. The study also examines potential mediating effects of trauma and early puberty on the association between SES and tobacco use, while comparing these pathways for males and females. Methods: Data were drawn from the ABCD study, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test direct and indirect pathways between SES, trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use. The sample was stratified by sex to assess differences in these relationships for males and females. Key predictors included SES, race, and age, while outcomes were trauma, early puberty, and tobacco use. The model assessed mediating effects of trauma and early puberty on tobacco use. Results: Trauma was a significant predictor of early puberty for females (B = 0.032, SE = 0.015, p = 0.039) but not males. Early puberty was significantly linked to tobacco use for females (B = 0.048, SE = 0.015, p = 0.001) but not for males. Additionally, trauma had an effect on tobacco use among females (B = 0.048, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001) but not males. Lower SES was significantly associated with higher trauma exposure for both males (B = -0.109, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001) and females (B = -0.110, SE = 0.015, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that trauma and early puberty play more significant roles in the pathways from SES to tobacco use for females than for males. While trauma and early puberty are crucial mediators for females, these factors are less predictive for males. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific interventions targeting trauma and early puberty as pathways to early tobacco use.
DO  - Trauma and Early Puberty May Be Stronger Predictors of Early Tobacco Initiation in Girls Compared to Boys
TI  - 10.31586/jbls.2025.1135
ER  -