The association between serum α1-AGP and chronic kidney disease among US female ages 20 to 49 years: Results from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey

Table 2.

Univariate logistic regression analysis ofrisk factors associated with CKD.

Variables OR (95%CI) P Variables OR (95%CI) P

Age, years 1.03 (1.01~1.05) <0.001 BMI, kg/m2 0.97 (0.95~0.99) 0.002
Race, n (%)     SBP, mmHg 1.02 (1.01~1.03) <0.001
Non-Hispanic White 1 (reference)   DBP, mmHg 1.03 (1.02~1.05) <0.001
Non-Hispanic Black 1.25 (0.81~1.92) 0.315 WBC, *109/L 0.98 (0.92~1.05) 0.632
Mexican American 1.47 (0.96~2.25) 0.078 HGB, g/dL 0.72 (0.65~0.80) <0.001
Other Race 1.15 (0.77~1.7) 0.504 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 0.98 (0.98~0.99) <0.001
Educational level, n (%)     ACR, mg/g 1.30 (1.25~1.36) <0.001
High school or less 1 (reference)   Vitamin D, nmol/L 1.00 (1.00~1.01) 0.365
Some College 0.62 (0.37~1.04) 0.073 ALB, g/L 1.01 (0.97~1.05) 0.789
College or above 0.45 (0.28~0.74) 0.001 Uric acid, umol/L 0.99 (0.99~0.99) <0.001
Marital status, n (%)     BUN, mmol/L 1.11 (1.02~1.22) 0.017
Married or living with partner 1 (reference)   Bicarbonate, mmol/L 1.02 (0.95~1.09) 0.547
Living alone 0.82 (0.60~1.12) 0.206 Calcium, mmol/L 0.60 (0.10~3.63) 0.575
Hypertension, n (%) 2.50 (1.78~3.50) <0.001 Phosphorus, mmol/L 0.98 (0.40~2.41) 0.973
Diabetes, n (%) 2.64 (1.62~4.32) <0.001 Cholesterol, mmol/L 1.44 (1.25~1.65) <0.001
Physical activity, n (%)     HDL, mmol/L 1.26 (0.89~1.77) 0.197
Sedentary 1 (reference)   Triglycerides, mmol/L 0.76 (0.62~0.94) 0.009
Moderate 0.80 (0.56~1.15) 0.225 HbA1c, % 1.08 (0.92~1.26) 0.339
Vigorous 0.69 (0.45~1.06) 0.094 Folate, nmol/L 1.00 (1.00~1.00) 0.013
Smoking status, n (%)     hs-CRP, mg/L 1.01 (1.00~1.03) 0.129
Never 1 (reference)   Ferritin, ug/L 0.99 (0.99~1.00) <0.001
Former 0.74 (0.44~1.22) 0.237 α1-AGP, g/L 0.50 (0.26~0.96) 0.038
Current 0.86 (0.57~1.29) 0.454      

OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; WBC, White Blood Cell count; HGB, Hemoglobin; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; ACR, Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio; ALB, Albumin; BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen; HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; hs-CRP, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein; α1-AGP, Serum Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein.