Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia
Table 2.
Socio-demographic Characteristics according to Occupational Groups in relationto Blood Pb Level (μg/dL)
|
| Variable |
Blood Pb Level (μg/dL) N (%) |
P-value |
Blood Pb Level (μg/dL) N (%) |
P-value |
|
|
| |
| EXPOSED | UNEXPOSED | |
|
| |
| <5μg/dL |
5-9μg/dL |
>10 μg/dL |
<5μg/dL |
5-9μg/dL |
>10μg/dL |
|
|
| Age |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.315 |
|
| ≤20 |
10 (25.0) |
17 (42.5) |
13 (32.5) |
- |
- |
- |
|
| 21-30 |
11 (18.0) |
37 (60.7) |
13 (21.3) |
16 (53.4) |
10 (33.3) |
4 (13.3) |
|
| 31-40 |
3 (12.0) |
11 (44.0) |
11 (44.0) |
13 (54.2) |
5 (20.8) |
6 (25.0) |
|
| 41-50 |
1 (10.0) |
4 (40.0) |
5 (50.0) |
2 (22.2) |
3 (33.3) |
4 (44.4) |
|
| >50 |
1 (11.1) |
5 (55.6) |
3 (33.3) |
1 (20.0) |
2 (40.0) |
2 (40.0) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
0.413 |
|
| Male |
26 (17.9) |
74 (51.0) |
45 (31.1) |
20 (42.5) |
14 (29.8) |
13 (27.7) |
|
| Female |
- |
- |
- |
12 (57.1) |
6 (28.6) |
3 (14.3) |
|
| Ethnicity |
|
|
|
0.044 |
|
|
|
0.519 |
|
| Fula |
4 (16.0) |
18 (72.0) |
3 (12.0) |
4 (50.0) |
4 (50.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| Jola |
6 (17.7) |
16 (47.1) |
12 (35.2) |
3 (37.5) |
3 (37.5) |
2 (25.0) |
|
| Mandinka |
11 (30.6) |
15 (41.7) |
10 (27.7) |
16 (51.6) |
6 (19.4) |
9 (29.0) |
|
| Wollof |
2 (6.1) |
15 (45.5) |
16 (48.4) |
5 (33.3) |
6 (40.0) |
4 (26.7) |
|
| Other |
3 (17.7) |
10 (58.8) |
4 (23.5) |
4 (66.6) |
1 (16.7) |
1 (16.7) |
|
| Marital status |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
0.318 |
|
| Single |
22 (24.2) |
44 (48.4) |
25 (27.4) |
10 (58.8) |
5 (29.4) |
2 (11.8) |
|
| Married |
4 (7.6) |
29 (54.7) |
20 (37.7) |
20 (40.8) 2 (100.0) |
15 (30.6) |
14 (28.6) |
|
| Divorced |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| Separated |
0 (0.0) |
1 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
- |
- |
|
| Live with family |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.085 |
|
| Yes |
25 (19.4) |
64 (49.6) |
40 (31.0) |
26 (42.6) |
19 (31.2) |
16 (26.2) |
|
| No |
1 (6.3) |
10 (62.5) |
5 (31.2) |
6 (85.7) |
1 (14.3) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| Size of family |
|
|
|
0.314 |
|
|
|
0.088 |
|
| 0-2 |
1 (4.8) |
11 (52.4) |
9 (42.8) |
6 (85.7) |
1 (14.3) |
0 (0.0) |
|
| 3-10 |
7 (15.6) |
23 (51.1) |
15 (33.3) |
21 (50.0) |
12 (28.6) |
9 (21.4) |
|
| >10 |
18 (22.8) |
40 (50.6) |
21 (26.6) |
5 (26.4) |
7 (36.8) |
7 (36.8) |
|
| Read and write |
|
|
|
0.408 |
|
|
|
0.025 |
|
| Yes |
21 (19.1) |
58 (52.7) |
31 (28.2) |
31 (53.5) |
16 (27.6) |
11 (18.9) |
|
| No |
5 (14.3) |
16 (45.7) |
14 (40.0) |
1 (10.0) |
4 (40.0) |
5 (50.0) |
|
| Level of education |
|
|
|
0.012 |
|
|
|
0.115 |
|
| No formal education |
6 (15.4) |
19 (48.7) |
14 (35.9) |
2 (18.2) |
4 (36.4) |
5 (45.4) |
|
| Primary |
10 (21.7) |
22 (47.8) |
14 (30.5) |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Secondary |
6 (10.9) |
32 (58.2) |
17 (30.9) |
13 (43.4) |
10 (33.3) |
7 (23.3) |
|
| Tertiary |
4 (80.0) |
1 (20.0) |
0 (0.0) |
17 (63.0) |
6 (22.2) |
4 (14.8) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N = Frequency, P-Value < 0.05 is significant
|
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