The Long Shadow of Early Poverty: Poverty at Birth, Epigenetic Changes at Age 15, And Youth Outcomes at Age 22
Table 3.
Summary of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in thePooled Sample
|
|
Coefficient |
std. err. |
95% |
CI |
p |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Structural |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Maternal Education at Baseline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ethnicity (Latino) |
-0.32 |
0.04 |
-0.40 |
-0.24 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Race (Black) |
-0.32 |
0.04 |
-0.40 |
-0.24 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Intercept |
2.67 |
0.08 |
2.51 |
2.82 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Maternal Education (Baseline) |
0.42 |
0.03 |
0.36 |
0.48 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Married Household |
0.26 |
0.03 |
0.20 |
0.32 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Ethnicity (Latino) |
-0.16 |
0.04 |
-0.24 |
-0.09 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Race (Black) |
-0.26 |
0.04 |
-0.33 |
-0.18 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Intercept |
0.26 |
0.10 |
0.06 |
0.46 |
0.010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Married Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ethnicity (Latino) |
-0.27 |
0.04 |
-0.35 |
-0.19 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Race (Black) |
-0.40 |
0.04 |
-0.48 |
-0.33 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Intercept |
1.16 |
0.06 |
1.03 |
1.28 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Grim Age (Wave 6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
-0.13 |
0.03 |
-0.20 |
-0.06 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Male Child |
0.17 |
0.04 |
0.10 |
0.24 |
0.000 |
|
|
| Intercept |
12.38 |
0.33 |
11.74 |
13.03 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| High School Drop Out (Wave 7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
-0.11 |
0.04 |
-0.18 |
-0.04 |
0.001 |
|
|
| Grim Age (Wave 6) |
0.01 |
0.04 |
-0.06 |
0.09 |
0.689 |
|
|
| Male Child |
0.05 |
0.04 |
-0.02 |
0.13 |
0.153 |
|
|
| Intercept |
0.21 |
0.47 |
-0.71 |
1.13 |
0.658 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Any School Discipline (Wave 7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
-0.21 |
0.03 |
-0.28 |
-0.14 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Grim Age (Wave 6) |
0.13 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.20 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
| Male Child |
0.11 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.18 |
0.003 |
|
|
| Intercept |
-0.55 |
0.45 |
-1.43 |
0.34 |
0.224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| YA SRH (Wave 7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
-0.05 |
0.04 |
-0.12 |
0.02 |
0.152 |
|
|
| Grim Age (Wave 6) |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.15 |
0.042 |
|
|
| Male Child |
-0.08 |
0.04 |
-0.15 |
-0.01 |
0.029 |
|
|
| Intercept |
1.42 |
0.47 |
0.49 |
2.35 |
0.003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| YA MDD (Wave 7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poverty Ratio (Baseline) |
0.01 |
0.04 |
-0.07 |
0.08 |
0.872 |
|
|
| Grim Age (Wave 6) |
0.03 |
0.04 |
-0.05 |
0.11 |
0.448 |
|
|
| Male Child |
0.02 |
0.04 |
-0.05 |
0.10 |
0.549 |
|
|
| Intercept |
0.18 |
0.50 |
-0.79 |
1.16 |
0.711 |
|
|
|
|
