Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Table 2.

Predictors of dual use among current smokers(daily use or some days)


	Odds ratio	Linearized std. err.	95% conf.	interval	p

Age

18 to 24 years old	Ref.

25 to 34 years old	0.853	0.063	0.736	0.989	0.035

35 to 44 years old	0.787	0.060	0.677	0.914	0.002

45 to 54 years old	0.647	0.050	0.554	0.755	< 0.001

55 to 64 years old	0.578	0.046	0.493	0.678	< 0.001

65 to 74 years old	0.462	0.069	0.344	0.620	< 0.001

75 years old or older	0.091	0.037	0.041	0.203	< 0.001

Male Sex	0.894	0.042	0.814	0.982	0.019

Hispanic Ethnicity	0.849	0.060	0.738	0.976	0.022

Race

White	Ref

Black	0.565	0.052	0.471	0.677	< 0.001

Other	1.041	0.092	0.874	1.239	0.650

Census Region

Northeast	Ref

Midwest	1.308	0.092	1.137	1.504	< 0.001

South	1.420	0.090	1.253	1.609	< 0.001

West	1.606	0.148	1.338	1.929	< 0.001

Education Level

Less than high school	Ref

GED	1.171	0.108	0.976	1.406	0.088

High school graduate	1.062	0.089	0.899	1.255	0.474

Some college (no degree) or associate	1.357	0.114	1.149	1.603	< 0.001

Bachelor's degree or	1.343	0.155	1.068	1.688	0.012

Advanced degree	1.170	0.148	0.911	1.504	0.217

Poverty	0.970	0.059	0.860	1.095	0.622

Health Insurance

Some private insurance	Ref.

Private insurance, some Medicare	0.973	0.085	0.818	1.157	0.755

Private insurance or Medicare	1.010	0.081	0.861	1.184	0.904

Other insurance only	1.184	0.140	0.937	1.497	0.156

No insurance	0.901	0.054	0.800	1.014	0.084