Science Publications

Sign Up
Sign In
Submit
Open Journal of Educational Research
Download PDF XML
  1. Home
  2. Journals
  3. Open Journal of Educational Research
  4. Archive
  5. Volume 4, Number 6, 2024
  6. Article
  7. Table 3

Black-White Gap Across Levels of Educational Childhood Opportunities: Findings from the ABCD Study

Table 3.

Summary of structural equation model (SEM)across educational childhood opportunity index (COI) levels
      B SE 95% CI p
Lowest Educational COI    
Age (Year) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.008 0.024 -0.056 0.040 0.757
Race (Black) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.125 0.026 -0.176 -0.074 < 0.001
Intercept à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 6.991 0.470 6.070 7.911 < 0.001
   
Age (Year) à Reading Score 0.018 0.024 -0.029 0.065 0.457
Gender (Male) à Reading Score 0.009 0.024 -0.038 0.057 0.703
Race (Black) à Reading Score -0.218 0.025 -0.268 -0.169 < 0.001
Intercept à Reading Score 5.312 0.461 4.409 6.216 < 0.001
     
Age (Year) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.030 0.026 -0.082 0.021 0.251
Gender (Male) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.068 0.026 0.017 0.119 0.009
Family Structure (Married Family) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.032 0.028 -0.088 0.023 0.255
Race (Black) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.057 0.031 -0.003 0.117 0.062
Intercept à Perceived School Discrimination 2.262 0.490 1.301 3.223 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Depression 0.035 0.024 -0.013 0.083 0.152
Gender (Male) à Depression 0.063 0.024 0.015 0.111 0.010
Family Structure (Married Family) à Depression -0.066 0.027 -0.118 -0.013 0.014
Race (Black) à Depression -0.040 0.029 -0.096 0.017 0.167
Intercept à Depression -0.506 0.456 -1.400 0.387 0.267
               
Age (Year) à School Suspension 0.044 0.030 -0.014 0.102 0.141
Gender (Male) à School Suspension 0.189 0.029 0.132 0.246 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à School Suspension -0.079 0.033 -0.144 -0.015 0.016
Race (Black) à School Suspension 0.080 0.034 0.014 0.146 0.017
Intercept à School Suspension -0.668 0.554 -1.753 0.418 0.228
   
   
Low Educational COI    
Age (Year) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 0.020 0.028 -0.035 0.075 0.470
Race (Black) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.196 0.029 -0.253 -0.139 < 0.001
Intercept à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 6.642 0.540 5.584 7.699 < 0.001
             
Age (Year) à Reading Score 0.000 0.028 -0.055 0.055 0.999
Gender (Male) à Reading Score 0.000 0.028 -0.055 0.055 0.996
Race (Black) à Reading Score -0.205 0.029 -0.262 -0.149 < 0.001
Intercept à Reading Score 5.994 0.533 4.950 7.038 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.005 0.029 -0.053 0.062 0.878
Gender (Male) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.127 0.029 0.069 0.184 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.038 0.032 -0.102 0.025 0.235
Race (Black) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.127 0.034 0.061 0.193 < 0.001
Intercept à Perceived School Discrimination 1.551 0.548 0.476 2.625 0.005
               
Age (Year) à Depression 0.001 0.028 -0.054 0.057 0.966
Gender (Male) à Depression 0.041 0.028 -0.014 0.096 0.147
Family Structure (Married Family) à Depression -0.052 0.031 -0.112 0.009 0.093
Race (Black) à Depression -0.028 0.032 -0.092 0.035 0.381
Intercept à Depression 0.080 0.525 -0.949 1.109 0.878
               
Age (Year) à School Suspension -0.029 0.035 -0.098 0.040 0.411
Gender (Male) à School Suspension 0.142 0.035 0.074 0.211 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à School Suspension -0.121 0.038 -0.195 -0.047 0.001
Race (Black) à School Suspension 0.149 0.038 0.075 0.223 < 0.001
Intercept à School Suspension 0.690 0.654 -0.591 1.971 0.291
   
   
Average Educational COI    
Age (Year) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.058 0.024 -0.106 -0.011 0.015
Race (Black) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.130 0.025 -0.179 -0.082 < 0.001
Intercept à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 8.133 0.463 7.226 9.041 < 0.001
   
Age (Year) à Reading Score 0.008 0.024 -0.039 0.055 0.743
Gender (Male) à Reading Score -0.022 0.024 -0.070 0.025 0.353
Race (Black) à Reading Score -0.158 0.025 -0.206 -0.109 < 0.001
Intercept à Reading Score 5.422 0.463 4.515 6.329 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.024 0.025 -0.073 0.025 0.331
Gender (Male) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.115 0.025 0.067 0.164 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.049 0.027 -0.101 0.003 0.065
Race (Black) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.103 0.028 0.048 0.157 < 0.001
Intercept à Perceived School Discrimination 2.356 0.467 1.440 3.272 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Depression 0.036 0.024 -0.012 0.083 0.142
Gender (Male) à Depression 0.041 0.024 -0.007 0.088 0.094
Family Structure (Married Family) à Depression -0.086 0.026 -0.137 -0.036 0.001
Race (Black) à Depression -0.051 0.027 -0.104 0.003 0.062
Intercept à Depression -0.528 0.454 -1.418 0.362 0.245
   
Age (Year) à School Suspension 0.040 0.032 -0.023 0.103 0.215
Gender (Male) à School Suspension 0.124 0.032 0.061 0.186 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à School Suspension -0.118 0.034 -0.185 -0.050 0.001
Race (Black) à School Suspension 0.157 0.033 0.091 0.222 < 0.001
Intercept à School Suspension -0.562 0.602 -1.742 0.619 0.351
             
             
High Educational COI              
Age (Year) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.002 0.020 -0.042 0.037 0.913
Race (Black) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.047 0.021 -0.088 -0.007 0.023
Intercept à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 7.308 0.393 6.539 8.078 < 0.001
             
Age (Year) à Reading Score 0.015 0.020 -0.024 0.054 0.454
Gender (Male) à Reading Score 0.020 0.020 -0.019 0.059 0.313
Race (Black) à Reading Score -0.128 0.020 -0.168 -0.088 < 0.001
Intercept à Reading Score 5.175 0.385 4.420 5.930 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.048 0.020 -0.087 -0.009 0.017
Gender (Male) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.105 0.020 0.066 0.145 0.000
Family Structure (Married Family) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.081 0.021 -0.122 -0.040 0.000
Race (Black) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.189 0.022 0.146 0.232 0.000
Intercept à Perceived School Discrimination 3.111 0.380 2.366 3.857 0.000
               
Age (Year) à Depression 0.029 0.020 -0.009 0.068 0.138
Gender (Male) à Depression 0.068 0.020 0.030 0.107 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à Depression -0.115 0.021 -0.156 -0.075 0.000
Race (Black) à Depression -0.017 0.021 -0.059 0.025 0.423
Intercept à Depression -0.455 0.376 -1.193 0.283 0.227
               
Age (Year) à School Suspension 0.088 0.028 0.034 0.142 0.002
Gender (Male) à School Suspension 0.107 0.027 0.053 0.160 0.000
Family Structure (Married Family) à School Suspension -0.068 0.029 -0.124 -0.011 0.019
Race (Black) à School Suspension 0.109 0.028 0.055 0.163 0.000
Intercept à School Suspension -1.489 0.523 -2.513 -0.464 0.004
               
               
Highest Educational COI              
Age (Year) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.025 0.017 -0.058 0.007 0.131
Race (Black) à Cognitive Function (Flanker) -0.033 0.017 -0.067 0.001 0.058
Intercept à Cognitive Function (Flanker) 7.597 0.321 6.968 8.227 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Reading Score 0.002 0.017 -0.030 0.035 0.893
Gender (Male) à Reading Score -0.011 0.017 -0.044 0.021 0.489
Race (Black) à Reading Score -0.069 0.017 -0.103 -0.035 < 0.001
Intercept à Reading Score 5.652 0.319 5.026 6.278 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.019 0.017 -0.052 0.013 0.247
Gender (Male) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.113 0.017 0.081 0.146 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à Perceived School Discrimination -0.028 0.017 -0.062 0.006 0.108
Race (Black) à Perceived School Discrimination 0.099 0.018 0.063 0.134 < 0.001
Intercept à Perceived School Discrimination 2.790 0.318 2.167 3.413 < 0.001
               
Age (Year) à Depression 0.026 0.016 -0.006 0.058 0.114
Gender (Male) à Depression 0.038 0.016 0.006 0.070 0.022
Family Structure (Married Family) à Depression -0.087 0.017 -0.120 -0.054 < 0.001
Race (Black) à Depression 0.001 0.018 -0.033 0.035 0.959
Intercept à Depression -0.434 0.311 -1.043 0.176 0.163
               
Age (Year) à School Suspension 0.068 0.022 0.025 0.111 0.002
Gender (Male) à School Suspension 0.121 0.022 0.078 0.163 < 0.001
Family Structure (Married Family) à School Suspension -0.061 0.022 -0.105 -0.017 0.007
Race (Black) à School Suspension 0.113 0.022 0.070 0.157 < 0.001
Intercept à School Suspension -1.144 0.414 -1.956 -0.332 0.006