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  5. Volume 5, Number 1, 2025
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  7. Table 2

Trauma Erodes Financial Returns of Educational Attainment

Table 2.

Summary of Stratified Models
B SE 95% CI p
Trauma= 0
Male 0.586 0.129 0.329 0.843 < 0.001
Age 0.017 0.006 0.005 0.030 0.005
Race/ethnicity
Non-Latino White Ref
Latino -0.300 0.300 -0.897 0.298 0.320
Caribbean Black 0.287 0.326 -0.363 0.936 0.382
African American -0.274 0.244 -0.761 0.213 0.266
Married 1.131 0.159 0.814 1.449 < 0.001
Unemployed 0.449 0.865 -1.277 2.176 0.605
Education          
11 Years or Less Ref
12 Years 1.039 0.169 0.701 1.376 < 0.001
13-15 Years 1.765 0.188 1.390 2.141 < 0.001
16+ Years 3.059 0.282 2.496 3.622 < 0.001
           
Trauma= 1          
Male 0.560 0.158 0.246 0.875 0.001
Age 0.008 0.005 -0.003 0.019 0.141
Race/ethnicity          
Non-Latino White Ref        
Latino 0.972 1.469 -1.959 3.903 0.510
Caribbean Black -0.224 0.316 -0.854 0.406 0.481
African American -0.604 0.227 -1.056 -0.151 0.010
Married 0.856 0.106 0.645 1.067 < 0.001
Unemployed -0.495 0.271 -1.035 0.045 0.072
Education          
11 Years or Less          
12 Years 0.523 0.222 0.081 0.965 0.021
13-15 Years 1.071 0.196 0.680 1.461 < 0.001
16+ Years 2.935 0.343 2.251 3.619 < 0.001
Trauma= 2+
Male 0.634 0.375 -0.114 1.381 0.096
Age 0.003 0.007 -0.011 0.017 0.638
Race/ethnicity
Non-Latino White Ref
Latino 0.110 0.243 -0.375 0.594 0.653
Caribbean Black -0.063 0.276 -0.612 0.487 0.821
African American -0.105 0.184 -0.471 0.262 0.571
Married 0.629 0.204 0.221 1.037 0.003
Unemployed -0.757 0.227 -1.210 -0.303 0.001
Education          
11 Years or Less Ref
12 Years 0.725 0.262 0.202 1.249 0.007
13-15 Years 0.620 0.217 0.188 1.052 0.006
16+ Years 1.227 0.485 0.259 2.194 0.014

Note: Outcome: POVINDEX (poverty-to-income ratio [PIR]; higher score, higher socioeconomic status)