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  5. Volume 5, Number 2, 2025
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  7. Table 3

Weaker Effects of Parental Education on Oral Nicotine Use of High School Students in Rural Areas: Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns

Table 3.

Results of Multi-Group (Stratified byRurality) Structural Equation Model
  B SE 95% CI p
Urban/Suburban
Age (>18) 0.19 0.03 0.14 0.25 < 0.001
Sex (Male) 0.23 0.03 0.17 0.29 < 0.001
Two Parents in the Household 0.18 0.03 0.11 0.24 < 0.001
SES (Max Parental Education; 1-6) 0.28 0.03 0.23 0.33 < 0.001
 
Rural
Age (>18) 0.22 0.05 0.12 0.31 < 0.001
Sex (Male) 0.24 0.06 0.13 0.36 < 0.001
Two Parents in the Household 0.12 0.06 0.00 0.24 < 0.001
SES (Max Parental Education; 1-6) 0.18 0.04 0.09 0.27 < 0.001

Note: Outcome: Adolescents’ Frequency of Use of Nicotine Pouch/Gummy/Candy