Formulation, Characterization and Future Potential of Composite Materials from Natural Resources: the case of Kenaf and Date Palm Fibers
Table 2.
Chemical composition of natural fibers in %.
|
| Fibre |
Cellulose |
Hemicellulose |
Lignin |
Pectin |
Waxes |
Reference |
|
|
| Stem fibre |
|
| Linen |
71 – 78 |
18.6 – 20.6 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
[18,19] |
|
| Hemp |
70.2 – 74.4 |
17.9 – 22.4 |
3.7 – 5.7 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
[20] |
|
| Jute |
61 – 71.5 |
13.6 – 20.4 |
12 – 13 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
[19] |
|
| Kénaf |
45 – 57 |
21.5 |
8 – 13 |
3 – 5 |
N.S. |
[21] |
|
| Ramie |
68.6 – 76.2 |
13.1 – 16.7 |
0.6 – 0.7 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
[22] |
|
| Banana |
63 – 64 |
10 |
5 |
N.S. |
N.S. |
[23] |
|
| Nettle |
86 |
4.0 |
5.4 |
0.6 |
3.1 |
[24] |
|
| Leaf fibre |
|
| Sisal |
67 – 78 |
10 – 14 |
8 – 11 |
10 |
2 |
[25] |
|
| Abaca |
56 – 63 |
21.7 |
12 – 13 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
[26] |
|
| Curaua |
73.6 |
9.9 |
7.5 |
N.S. |
– |
[20] |
|
| Pineapple |
80 – 83 |
15 – 20 |
8 – 12 |
2 – 4 |
4 – 7 |
[28] |
|
| Henequen |
77.6 |
4 – 8 |
13.1 |
N.S. |
N.S. |
[21] |
|
| Fruit/seed fibre |
|
| Cotton |
85 – 90 |
5.70 |
0.7 – 1.6 |
0 – 1 |
0.6 |
[28] |
|
| Coco |
36 – 43 |
0.15 – 0.25 |
41 – 45 |
3 – 4 |
N.S. |
[29] |
|
| Palm oil |
65 |
0 – 22 |
19 |
N.S. |
N.S. |
[30] |
|
| Wood |
|
| Hardwood |
43 – 47 |
25 – 35 |
16 – 24 |
N.S. |
N.S. |
[23] |
|
| Softwood |
40 – 44 |
25 – 29 |
25 – 31 |
N.S. |
N.S. |
[31] |
|
|
|
|
