Article Open Access September 20, 2023

Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia

1
Center for Environmental and Workplace Health, Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
2
Department of Public and Environmental Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, university of The Gambia, Kanifing, The Gambia.
3
Department of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana, USA
4
Department of Public Health, College of Public Administration, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, Illinois, USA
5
Department of Public Health, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA
Page(s): 105-118
Received
July 26, 2023
Revised
August 30, 2023
Accepted
September 18, 2023
Published
September 20, 2023
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Scientific Publications
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APA Style
Sanyang, E. , Sanyang, E. Jabbi, A. , Jabbi, A. Ndow, M. , Ndow, M. Reynolds, E. M. , Reynolds, E. M. Egiebor, E. , & Egiebor, E. (2023). Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia. World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research, 3(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.31586/crph.2023.766
ACS Style
Sanyang, E. ; Sanyang, E. Jabbi, A. ; Jabbi, A. Ndow, M. ; Ndow, M. Reynolds, E. M. ; Reynolds, E. M. Egiebor, E. ; Egiebor, E. Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia. World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research 2023 3(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.31586/crph.2023.766
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sanyang, Edrisa, Edrisa Sanyang. Alhaji Jabbi, Alhaji Jabbi. Manjally Ndow, Manjally Ndow. Erin M. Reynolds, Erin M. Reynolds. Egbe Egiebor, and Egbe Egiebor. 2023. "Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia". World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research 3, no. 2: 105-118. https://doi.org/10.31586/crph.2023.766
AMA Style
Sanyang E, Sanyang EJabbi A, Jabbi ANdow M, Ndow MReynolds EM, Reynolds EMEgiebor E, Egiebor E. Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia. World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research. 2023; 3(2):105-118. https://doi.org/10.31586/crph.2023.766
@Article{wjcor766,
AUTHOR = {Sanyang, Edrisa and Jabbi, Alhaji and Ndow, Manjally and Reynolds, Erin M. and Egiebor, Egbe and Alamu, Joshia},
TITLE = {Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia},
JOURNAL = {World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research},
VOLUME = {3},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {105-118},
URL = {https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/CRPH/article/view/766},
ISSN = {2836-3981},
DOI = {10.31586/crph.2023.766},
ABSTRACT = {Occupational lead (Pb) exposure continues to be an important public health problem globally, yet data is lacking on the associated risks and resources available for the prevention of Pb related diseases in low middle income countries (LMICs) like The Gambia. In this study, we used a case-control design to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between the exposed (auto repair workers) and unexposed (healthcare workers) populations in The Greater Banjul Area. The data was analyzed using Chi square test of independence to determine the characteristic factors associated with BLL. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between BLLs for auto repair and healthcare workers and their experiences. The results of this study indicated 82.1% of cases had higher BLLs compared to 52.9% of controls. Also, the proportion of workers with elevated BLLs was higher for certain factors including more than 80% of those with greater than 10 of years job experience, more than 70% of those who worked greater than 5 days a week, worked more than 8 hours per day, did not use personal protective equipment (PPE), were illiterate or had no formal education, and smoked or ate at work. The study results have implications for policies and practice in the auto repair industry and related workplaces in The Gambia and other LMICs with similar settings. Based on the findings of this study, it is essential to initiate discussions to establish national occupational health policies in The Gambia aimed at protecting workers and the general population.},
}
%0 Journal Article
%A Sanyang, Edrisa
%A Jabbi, Alhaji
%A Ndow, Manjally
%A Reynolds, Erin M.
%A Egiebor, Egbe
%A Alamu, Joshia
%D 2023
%J World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research

%@ 2836-3981
%V 3
%N 2
%P 105-118

%T Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia
%M doi:10.31586/crph.2023.766
%U https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/CRPH/article/view/766
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanyang, Edrisa
AU  - Jabbi, Alhaji
AU  - Ndow, Manjally
AU  - Reynolds, Erin M.
AU  - Egiebor, Egbe
AU  - Alamu, Joshia
TI  - Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia
T2  - World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research
PY  - 2023
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
SN  - 2836-3981
SP  - 105
EP  - 118
UR  - https://www.scipublications.com/journal/index.php/CRPH/article/view/766
AB  - Occupational lead (Pb) exposure continues to be an important public health problem globally, yet data is lacking on the associated risks and resources available for the prevention of Pb related diseases in low middle income countries (LMICs) like The Gambia. In this study, we used a case-control design to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between the exposed (auto repair workers) and unexposed (healthcare workers) populations in The Greater Banjul Area. The data was analyzed using Chi square test of independence to determine the characteristic factors associated with BLL. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between BLLs for auto repair and healthcare workers and their experiences. The results of this study indicated 82.1% of cases had higher BLLs compared to 52.9% of controls. Also, the proportion of workers with elevated BLLs was higher for certain factors including more than 80% of those with greater than 10 of years job experience, more than 70% of those who worked greater than 5 days a week, worked more than 8 hours per day, did not use personal protective equipment (PPE), were illiterate or had no formal education, and smoked or ate at work. The study results have implications for policies and practice in the auto repair industry and related workplaces in The Gambia and other LMICs with similar settings. Based on the findings of this study, it is essential to initiate discussions to establish national occupational health policies in The Gambia aimed at protecting workers and the general population.
DO  - Group-specific Differences in Blood Lead Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia
TI  - 10.31586/crph.2023.766
ER  -