Elimination of HIV Transmission Risks through Viral Suppression: Undetectable=Untransmittable and its Impact among People Living with HIV
Table 3.
Summary ofBarriers to U=U Messaging Implementation (Adapted by the Authors)
|
| S/N |
BARRIERS |
DESCRIPTION |
EXAMPLES |
|
|
| 1 |
Individual-Level Barriers |
Internalized Stigma and Mental Health |
Feelings of guilt, shame, fear stemming from long-term discrimination and marginalization, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
|
| 2 |
Provider-Level Barriers |
Inconsistent Messaging and inadequate Training |
Lack of training, skepticism about the message, outdated beliefs about transmission risks, fear of promoting “reckless behavior |
|
| 3 |
Sociocultural Barriers |
General stigma and Misinformation |
Cultural beliefs, misinformation, taboo discussing sexuality |
|
| 4 |
Structural Barriers |
Health System Gaps and Resource Constraints |
Limited availability of routine viral load testing, inconsistent viral load monitoring and shortages in the healthcare workforce |
|
| 5 |
Legal and Policy-Level Barriers |
HIV penalization laws |
Penalization and criminalization laws |
|
|
|
