Performance and Validity of Knee Function Assessment Tools After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Table 1.

Functional Assessment Tools in Total KneeArthroplasty (TKA)

Authors (Year) Assessment Tool / Scale Population Studied Main Findings

Leung et al. (2022) [1] WOMAC, SF-36 Patients >80 years PROMs effective in elderly TKA patients
Goh et al. (2022) [2] Functional scores Patients >75 years Age not a barrier to cementless TKA
Schwabe & Hannon (2022) [3] PROMs, KSS General TKA patients Cementless TKA shows good outcomes with PROMs
McInnis et al. (2003) [4] Clinical Evaluation Bilateral TKA patients Overview of bilateral TKA outcomes
Christensen et al. (2020) [5] Indication protocol + PROMs Noncemented TKA candidates Defines noncemented TKA indications
Brinkmann & Fitz (2021) [6] Custom protocols + PROMs Custom TKA patients Customized implants improve recovery
Van Manen et al. (2012) [7] Guidelines for OA OA patients pre-TKA Primary TKA indications guided by PROMs
Williams et al. (2010) [8] Technique-based General TKA population PROMs vary depending on surgical technique
Alsayed et al. (2021) [9] Overview TKA surgery candidates Broad review supports functional evaluation
Thomsen et al. (2016) [10] Registry Data Danish TKA population Functional outcomes crucial in rising TKA demand
Sabatini et al. (2021) [11] Biomechanical/Functional Patients with bicruciate-retaining prostheses Bicruciate-retaining improves proprioception
Tateishi (2001) [12] Expert Review General clinical TKA population Early evidence supporting prosthesis selection
Saragaglia et al. (2019) [13] Biomechanical Analysis Patients receiving bicruciate implants Improved function with bicruciate-retaining designs
Lizcano et al. (2024) [14] PROMs + implant design Complex and revision TKA cases Metaphyseal cones effective in complex TKA
Barnoud et al. (2021) [15] PROMs in revision Patients undergoing revision TKA Rotating hinge more effective than constrained
Salimy et al. (2024) [16] PROMs (revisions) Revision TKA patients Revisions linked to worse functional reports
Gademan et al. (2016) [17] PROMs in OA indications OA patients indicated for TKA PROMs support consistent TKA indication
Pulido et al. (2015) [18] WOMAC, KSS Primary TKA patients Comparable results for cemented and uncemented TKA
Hannon et al. (2021) [19] Revision PROMs Patients with trabecular metal implants Good outcomes with trabecular metal implants
Mancuso et al. (1996) [20] Orthopedic Survey Orthopedic surgeons (survey) High variation in TKA indications
Cross et al. (2006) [21] PROMs use consensus Orthopedic professionals Lack of agreement on TKA criteria
Austin et al. (2020a) [22] SANE Postoperative TKA patients Valid single-item outcome measure
Austin et al. (2020b) [23] SANE vs PROMs Postoperative TKA patients Comparable to KOOS, IKDC, SF-36
Austin et al. (2020c) [24] SANE responsiveness Postoperative TKA patients Sensitive to clinical improvement
Florescu et al. (2020) [25] Comparative PROMs General orthopedic population Validates role of PROMs in TKA
Nazari et al. (2020) [26] SANE review Patients with joint conditions High psychometric validity
O'Connor et al. (2019) [27] SANE vs KOOS, IKDC TKA patients Strong correlation with validated scales
Smith et al. (2022) [28] PROM reliability Orthopedic PROM datasets High consistency in PROM application
Torchia et al. (2020) [29] PROMs efficiency Orthopedic clinical cohort Efficient and patient-friendly PROM
Winterstein et al. (2013) [30] IKDC vs SANE Active patients post-TKA Comparable in active populations
Silva Filho et al. (2025) [31] SANE (Brazilian validation) Brazilian TKA patients High internal consistency and validity in TKA