Social Epidemiology of Early Initiation of Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use in Early to Middle Adolescents

Table 1.

Summary of structural equation model (SEM)

Outcome Predictor B SE 95% CI p

Conventional Cigarette

Neighborhood income / 50000 -0.006 0.011 -0.027 0.015 0.548

HH Income -0.050 0.015 -0.080 -0.020 0.001

Non-Latino White 0.031 0.011 0.010 0.051 0.004

Financial difficulty (n) 0.032 0.010 0.012 0.052 0.002

Age (10) 0.007 0.009 -0.011 0.025 0.466

Male 0.025 0.009 0.007 0.043 0.006

Married household -0.015 0.011 -0.037 0.007 0.170

Gender minority 0.017 0.009 -0.001 0.035 0.062

Parental education 0.008 0.012 -0.016 0.032 0.517

Intercept 0.131 0.066 0.001 0.261 0.048


Electronic Cigarette

Neighborhood income / 50000 -0.005 0.011 -0.026 0.016 0.669

HH Income 0.000 0.016 -0.031 0.032 0.978

Non-Latino White 0.007 0.011 -0.013 0.028 0.488

Financial difficulty (n) 0.011 0.010 -0.009 0.031 0.268

Age (10) -0.012 0.009 -0.030 0.006 0.176

Male 0.013 0.009 -0.005 0.031 0.159

Married household -0.034 0.011 -0.056 -0.012 0.003

Gender minority -0.004 0.009 -0.022 0.014 0.654

Parental education 0.010 0.012 -0.014 0.035 0.399

Intercept 0.034 0.066 -0.096 0.163 0.609