Poverty Status at Birth Predicts Epigenetic Changes at Age 15

Table 3.

Summary of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the PooledSample

Beta SE 95% CI p

Maternal Education at Childbirth

Ethnicity (Latino) -0.19 0.04 -0.26 -0.12 < 0.001

Race (Black) -0.17 0.04 -0.25 -0.10 < 0.001

Intercept 2.40 0.07 2.26 2.54 < 0.001

Income to Poverty Ratio at Childbirth

Maternal Education at Childbirth 0.44 0.03 0.38 0.49 < 0.001

Married Household at Childbirth 0.30 0.03 0.24 0.36 < 0.001

Ethnicity (Latino) -0.09 0.03 -0.15 -0.03 0.003

Race (Black) -0.17 0.03 -0.23 -0.11 < 0.001

Intercept 0.05 0.08 -0.11 0.21 0.505

Married Household at Childbirth

Ethnicity (Latino) -0.12 0.04 -0.19 -0.04 0.002

Race (Black) -0.23 0.04 -0.30 -0.16 < 0.001

Intercept 0.82 0.06 0.71 0.93 < 0.001

DNA Methylation (Age 15)

Income to Poverty Ratio at Childbirth -0.09 0.03 -0.16 -0.03 0.004

Sex (Male) -0.10 0.03 -0.17 -0.04 0.002

Intercept 4.32 0.11 4.10 4.53 < 0.001

DNA Methylation measured using PhenoAge clock.