Open Journal of Medical Sciences

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Hopelessness and Smoking among Black Adults

Table 1.

Results of Model 1


	OR	SE	95%	CI	p

Hope	0.949	0.011	0.928	0.972	< 0.001

Male	1.849	0.171	1.537	2.225	< 0.001

Age	1.025	0.003	1.019	1.031	< 0.001

Ethnicity

African American	2.191	0.550	1.324	3.625	0.003

Intercept	0.072	0.020	0.042	0.125	< 0.001

Source: NSAL: Sample: Black People, Outcome: Ever Smoking; Model 3 controlled for demographic factors, SES indicators, and MDE (DSM_MDE)