Table 1.
Most common causes of sleep disorders in geriatric patients [10,11].
|
| Neurological conditions |
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Sleep fragmentation, lowered mo-tor control = difficulty in changing and maintaining convenient sleep position |
|
|
|
| REM sleep-behavior disorders, Restless legs syndrome, Periodic limb movements in sleep |
|
|
|
| Psychiatric |
Bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders |
Difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep |
|
|
|
| Dementia, Depression, Anxiety |
Insomnias |
|
|
| Cardiac |
Left ventricular failure with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
|
|
|
|
| Tachyarrhythmias |
|
|
|
| Respiratory |
Sleep disordered breathing (Cheyne-Stokes breathing, Obstructive sleep apnea, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome...) |
|
|
|
|
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma |
Nocturnal worsening of hypoxemia, predominantly during REM sleep |
|
|
| Urinary |
Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Detrusor instability |
|
|
|
| Chronic pain |
Vertebral algic syndromes, Osteoarthritis, Metastatic diseases |
|
|
|
| Circadian rhythm disturbances |
Daytime napping, Jet-lag |
|
|
|
| Other |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Pruritic skin conditions Medication side-effects |
See Table 2. |
|
|
|
