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  5. Volume 2, Number 1, 2021
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  7. Table 1

Low Emotional Self-regulation of Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Experiences Impacts on Their Life Quality

Table 1.

summarizes the studiesthat met the inclusion criteria and were included in the research.
Source Type of trauma Sample/Study Description Results
Chang, C., Kaczkurkin, A. N., McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2018). Emotion regulation is associated with PTSD and depression among female adolescent survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10(3), 319. Sexual abuse Cross-sectional quantitative study. Examining the degree of correlation between emotional self-regulation difficulties in the development of emotional disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder in 90 sexually abused adolescents aged 14-17 years Low emotional self-regulation was associated with greater intensity and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms.
Elsayed, D., Song, J.-H., Myatt, E., Colasante, T., & Malti, T. (2019). Anger and Sadness Regulation in Refugee Children: The Roles of Pre- and Post-migratory Factors. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00887-4 Acts of violence, war terrorism - immigration Cross-sectional quantitative study. The degree of emotional self-regulation in children aged 5 to 13 who are considered Syrian refugees and experienced stressful situations before settling in Canada was examined. Pre- and post-migration stressors play a key role in regulating refugee sentiment during resettlement.
Guidotti, L., Solari, F., Bertolini, P., Gebennini, E., Ghiaroni, G., & Corsano, P. (2019). Reminiscing on acute and chronic events in children with cancer and their parents: An exploratory study. Child: Care, Health and Development. doi:10.1111/cch.12673 Life-threatening illness and chronic illness Cross-sectional quantitative study .The effect of chronic life-threatening disease (cancer) on the emotional self-regulation ability of Italian children aged 4 to 8 years was examined. In most cases of children with low emotional self-regulation it is observed that there were problems in controlling behavior, emotion and interpersonal relationships.　　　
Haskett, M. E., Stelter, R., Proffit, K., & Nice, R. (2012). Parent emotional expressiveness and children's self-regulation: Associations with abused children's school functioning. Child abuse & neglect, 36(4), 296-307. Physical abuse and neglect Cross-sectional quantitative study . The extent to which parents' emotional expressiveness affects the emotional self-regulation and school success of children aged 4 to 7 years was examined. The expression of positive and negative feelings of the parents was associated with various aspects of the children's self-regulation and their school success.
Hébert, M., Langevin, R., & Oussaïd, E. (2018). Cumulative childhood trauma, emotion regulation, dissociation, and behavior problems in school-aged sexual abuse victims. Journal of affective disorders, 225, 306-312. Sexual abuse Cross-sectional quantitative study. Examining the degree of emotionalself-regulation in the occurrence of behavioral problems in 309 sexually abused children Chronic childhood trauma affects the onset of behavioral problems and creates emotional disconnection.
Khamis, V. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder and emotion dysregulation among Syrian refugee children and adolescents resettled in Lebanon and Jordan. Child Abuse & Neglect, 89, 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.013 Acts of violence, war terrorism - immigration Cross-sectional quantitative study. Examination of the prevalence and prognostic factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to the ability of emotional self-regulation of 1000 children and adolescents, Syrian refugees, aged 7 to 18, who have settled permanently in Lebanon and Jordan. Refugee children and adolescents who were more exposed to war situations showed greater difficulty in emotional self-regulation and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.　　
Langevin, R., Hébert, M., Allard‐Dansereau, C., & Bernard‐Bonnin, A. C. (2016). Emotion regulation in sexually abused preschoolers: The contribution of parental factors. Journal of traumatic stress, 29(2), 180-184. Sexual abuse Cross-sectional quantitative study. Investigation of parental factors in emotional self-regulation of 153 sexually abused children aged 3.5 to 6.5 years. The result showed that factors such as parents' emotional expressiveness contribute to the development of emotional self-regulation skills.　
Marusak, H. A., Martin, K. R., Etkin, A., & Thomason, M. E. (2015). Childhood trauma exposure disrupts the automatic regulation of emotional processing. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(5), 1250-1258. Physical abuse and neglect Experimental study. It was investigated whether the ability of 16-year-old children to emotionally self-regulate changed after being exposed to traumatic events. Low emotional self-regulation in combination with the traumatic event is a prognostic risk of psychopathological disorder.
McLaughlin, K. A., Peverill, M., Gold, A. L., Alves, S., & Sheridan, M. A. (2015). Child maltreatment and neural systems underlying emotion regulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(9), 753-762. Physical abuse and neglect Experimental study. It was investigated whether child abuse is associated with neurological responses during the passive display of negative and positive emotional stimuli in an attempt to emotionally self-regulate and react in adolescents aged 13-19 years. The abused adolescents showed increased activity in the area of ​​the amygdala and the anterior cortex during the attempt of emotional self-regulation.
Peh, C. X., Shahwan, S., Fauziana, R., Mahesh, M. V., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., ... & Subramaniam, M. (2017). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. Child abuse & neglect, 67, 383-390. Physical abuse and neglect Cross-sectional quantitative study. It was investigated whether reduced ability of emotional self-regulation is associated with the occurrence of increased cases of self-injury and depressive symptoms in 108 abused adolescents aged 14-19 years. Increased cases of self-harm are associated with low emotional self-regulation of abused adolescents.
Roberts, Y. H., Ferguson, M., & Crusto, C. A. (2013). Exposure to traumatic events and health-related quality of life in preschool-aged children. Quality of Life Research, 22(8), 2159-2168. Physical abuse and neglect Cross-sectional quantitative study. The relationship of exposure to traumatic events in quality of life and psychosocial health in 170 children aged three to five years attending the Head Start program in the United States was investigated. Multiple exposures to traumatic events in combination with the increase in the age of the child with low emotional self-regulation function as risk factors for the occurrence of pathological conditions that disrupt physical and mental health.