Human life and survival on Earth depend on the exploitation of diverse resources, including water. Improper use of environmental resources will lead to pollution and destruction. As one of the most sensitive areas of the environment to which human life depends, water is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. The protection of the health of water resources has created the need for intervention and the use of legal and criminal solutions in organizing their use. Domestic penal policy in the field of legislation, inspired by the provisions of Sharia law, along with local and national considerations for the protection of water resources, has directly and indirectly affected the requirements of accession to international instruments and has enacted regulations on the protection of small water resources.Full article

Chile is part of the phenomenon of Environmental Constitutionalism developed in the Latin American region. Thus its Political Constitution contemplates the right of people to live in an environment free of contamination and establishes duties for the state regarding the law and the protection of the environment. However, this formula has been deficient, which warrants rethinking the issues related to the environment at the constitutional level. This work follows this path from the study of the constitutional reform projects currently in the National Congress to systematize analysis at the service of a change that is the basis for an adequate environmental legal framework, respectful of human rights human beings and that maximizes the protection of the environment.Full article

The study focused Effective teaching of Social Studies Concepts in Basic Schools in Ghana. The study adopted the descriptive survey design using quantitative approach. The population for the study consisted of all Social Studies teachers in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Tano South District. There were fifty-two Social Studies teachers at the JHS level in the district. Non-probability sampling technique (purposive and convenient sampling techniques) was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all the fifty-two teachers and forty-one schools in the Tano South District. While the district was conveniently sampled for this study. The main instrument used to gather data was observation guide. The data gathered was analysed using the Statistical Product using Service Solutions (SPSS). The study concluded that, in respect to the teaching effectiveness of Social Studies teachers, the general performance in all the thematic areas assessed indicate that, Social Studies teachers are not at their optimum best in terms of planning and preparation, instructional skills, classroom management, communication skills and assessment skills. It is therefore recommended that, the Ministry of Education through the Ghana Education Service (GES) in collaboration with all the teacher training institutions training Social Studies teachers should fashion out teacher development programmes such as workshops and short courses for Social Studies teachers. In these programmes, the organisers must ensure that teachers have access to high quality content course work in Social Studies.Full article

This research discusses language style at the movie script of Papillon. This research aims to classify the type of language style and the functions of the speakers’ utterances in using language style at the movie script of Papillon. The data source of this research was YouTube “Papillon” which was aired on September, 26^th 2018. This study utilized theories of Martin Joos' types of language styles and Roman Jakobson's function. Data from the Papillon Movie Script. Researchers have implemented qualitative research designs to answer the research question. The researchers used documentation as a tool for research. The researchers found 30 language-style data sets as a result of their investigation. The scientists discovered many linguistic styles. The styles are as follows: 1 data point or 3%, 6 data points or 20%, were discovered in frozen style; 11 data points or 37%, casual style 6 to 20, and intimate style 6 to 20 were found in consultancies. The following five roles were revealed in the language style: expressive, guiding, referential, metalinguistic and phasic. There were 6 data or 20 percent of expressive function; the directive works 3 or 10 percent, the reference function found 8 or 27%, the metalinguistic function discovered 7 or 23% and the phatic function discovered 6 data or 20%. No poetic function is available in the film.Full article

The economic and social effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures to address it are having in Latin America may lead to serious long-term consequences that would affect the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, the collaboration of environmental economists from eight countries in the region discusses the possible effects of the pandemic on air pollution, deforestation, and other relevant environmental aspects related to the SDGs. In addition to presenting an account of some of the initial effects of the health crisis on the environment, the paper discusses potential effects in terms of environmental regulations and public policy interventions. Finally, the paper presents an agenda on new research topics that arise due to the pandemic or have gained greater importance due to it, including the impacts on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Briefly, this paper is a novel view of the sustainable development in Latin America and the Covid-19 impacts on this process.Full article

Any history of science has its own geography as well. Geographers of science have tried to put science in its place. They study the socio-spatial settings in which scientific knowledge was generated, displayed and legitimated. For them, science is socially constructed in spatialities and temporalities. The main question should to be “how” spatialities are constructing scientific knowledge via its “causalities”. Geography of science is not just about special places, locations, and regions in which scientific knowledge is unequally produced/consumed and circulated or how the use of scientific knowledge can lead to the production and reproduction of unique places and spaces. Geography of science is also about a variety set of spatial causalities through which scientific knowledge can be formed and transformed. This also means that the innovative knowledge or ideas development takes place not only in the spatial contexts but because of the spatial causalities which rise from the myriad interlinkages and interdependencies among places. These imperatives of spatial significance operate across many spatial scales from the body to the global. Hence, in our increasingly glocalized world, we must seek knowledge in spatial encounters and betweenness of places, not merely within spaces and places.Full article

With the rise of virtual currencies, Bitcoin has gradually become one of the safe-haven tools in the financial market. During situations of worldwide outbreaks of an infectious disease, investors pay special attention to asset allocation. Therefore, this study discusses the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, which has affected financial markets and has led investors to avoid risks through investing in traditional financial products or Bitcoin. We found that during the time of the COVID-19 pneumonia, Bitcoin and gold futures were used for hedging transactions in the face of unstable Chinese market conditions and under the pursuit of investors' maximization of return on investment. Furthermore, there was also no difference between hedging through Bitcoin or gold futures; however, investors had a preference to invest in gold futures for hedging under the assumption that an investor was absolutely risk averse.Full article

The article considers the problems of theoretical substantiation of negative informational and psychological impact evaluation principles, and conducting of relevant researches in this field. At the same time, due to imperfections of theory and practice of negative informational and psychological impact evaluation, previous researches were conducted mainly by “mirroring” the ways of information counteraction, both for our own measures of information and psychological influence, and for the adversary. The rationale for the methodological approaches used in the organization of information and psychological influence is due to inability to access the adversary's target audiences freely and gather the necessary information, as well as the inadequacy of assessing the degree of change in their behaviour. Characteristics mentioned in article classify target audiences according to defined indicators of remote information control of social and individual behaviour of possible objects of influence. Using the formulated conditions and relying on the psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of individuals, a database of target audience behaviour vulnerabilities is forming, that reflects the dependence of indicators of social behaviour perception changes on the intensity of external negative informational and psychological influences. The algorithm of target audience’s information perception is developed based on the model of planned behaviour, in which the subject’s overestimation of small values of probabilities are compared in dynamic with decrease of big ones. The proposed algorithm of evaluation of information-psychological impact allows to receive initial data based on which the model of target audience behaviour will be designed in any environmental conditions.Full article