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World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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  3. World Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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  5. Volume 2, Number 1, 2023
  6. Article
  7. Table 6

Evaluation of the Critical risk factors in PPP - procured Mass Housing Projects in Abuja Nigeria - A fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) approach

Table 6.

Membership Function (MF) for CRFs and CRFG in PPP-procured Mass HousingProjects (Risk Severity)
CRFs and PRFs Weighting (wn) for CRFs Membership function for level 3 CRFs Membership function for level 2 CRFG
Financial and Macroeconomic  risk (CRFG 1): u1   (0.00,0.00,0.02,0.08,0.21,0.56,0.12)
Availability of Finance, u11 0.116  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.02,0.41,0.57)
High Finance cost, u12 0.111  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.06,0.66,0.28)
Unstable Value of Local Currency, u13 0.101  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.05,0.22,0.73,0.00)
Lack of credit worthiness, u14 0.101  (0.00,0.00,0.03,0.01,0.21,0.74,0.01)
Influential Economic Events (Boom/Recession), u15 0.096  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.16,0.29,0.53,0.02)
High Bidding cost, u16 0.096  (0.00,0.00,0.02,0.14,0.31,0.50,0.03)
Poor Financial Market, u17 0.097  (0.00,0.00,0.07,0.08,0.19,0.62,0.04)
Financial attraction to project investors, u18 0.095  (0.00,0.00,0.12,0.00,0.32,0.50,0.06)
Interest rate volatility, u19 0.097  (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.13,0.24,0.62,0.00)
Inflation rate volatility, u110 0.090  (0.00,0.02,0.00,0.27,0.36,0.30,0.05)
Legal and Socio-political risk (CRFG 2): u2   (0.00,0.01,0.01,0.06,0.18,0.70,0.04)
Corruption and lack of respect for Law, u21 0.118  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.02,0.00,0.90,0.08)
Non-involvement of the host community, u22 0.116  (0.00,0.00,0.02,0.00,0.07,0.86,0.05)
Poor execution of Housing Policies, u23 0.115  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.05,0.06,0.86,0.03)
Wrong perception of housing need by low-income earners, u24 0.117  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.06,0.91,0.03)
Illegal Title to Land, u25 0.116  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.01,0.10,0.87,0.02)
Poor decision making process, u26 0.107  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.05,0.47,0.47,0.01)
Change in Government, u27 0.188  (0.00,0.01,0.10,0.05,0.31,0.48,0.05)
Land Grabbing/Encroachment, u28 0.108  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.15,0.21,0.62,0.02)
Public opposition to the mass housing projects, u29 0.101  (0.00,0.04,0.09,0.20,0.11,0.49,0.07)
Operation and Organization risk (CRFG 3): u3   (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.06,0.21,0.71,0.01)
Inadequate experience in PPP, u31 0.205  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.05,0.12,0.83,0.00)
Inadequate distribution of responsibility and risks, u32 0.204  (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.06,0.11,0.80,0.02)
Risk regarding Pricing of Product/service, u33 0.197  (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.08,0.25,0.66,0.00)
Lack of Commitment from Public/Private Partners, u34 0.199  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.06,0.28,0.64,0.02)
Inadequate distribution of Authority between Partners, u35 0.195  (0.00,0.01,0.01,0.06,0.29,0.63,0.00)
Design and Project Selection risk (CRFG 4): u4   (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.03,0.27,0.68,0.01)
Land acquisition and Site availability, u41 0.262  (0.00,0.00,0.02,0.00,0.03,0.94,0.01)
Level of Demand for the mass housing projects, u42 0.258  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.01,0.17,0.80,0.02)
Prolonged negotiation period prior to initiation, u43 0.243  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.05,0.42,0.53,0.00)
Delay in Project approvals and permits, u44 0.236  (0.00,0.00,0.01,0.06,0.51,0.42,0.00)
Construction risk (CRFG 5): u5   (0.01,0.00,0.00,0.06,0.31,0.61,0.02)
Construction time delay, u51 0.337  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.01,0.36,0.63,0.00)
Construction cost overrun, u52 0.330  (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.04,0.43,0.53,0.00)
Force majeure, u53 0.333  (0.02,0.00,0.00,0.13,0.13,0.67,0.05)