Mashhad is one of the important metropolitans in the northeast of Iran with over 25 million tourists per year. After evaluating the physical space of Mashhad in terms of semantics and identity with the aim of promoting tourism, 127 valuable places with cultural, historical, and religious values were identified, assessed, and analyzed using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Therefore, the appropriate distribution of tourist routes for travelers to visit the city of Mashhad was done and 10 corridors and zones were selected. The basis of this choice was the existence of a valuable place at origin and destination of the routes and the existence of appropriate tourism, commercial, welfare and cultural infrastructure and ability to access various uses. Percentage and number of valuable places in each proposed route necessarily meant percentage of the total, excluding repetition in other routes.

Most of the important and large cities of Iran are traditional cities, one of the important and prominent features of which is the formation of the city from two parts, old and new [1]. In recent years, the rapid trend of urbanization has had a significant impact on the gradual decline of the old fabric of cities [2]. Thus, the old parts, which were once considered the economic center and the core of the city, are being destroyed under the influence of urban development and the growth of the industrial economy. However, due to their special advantages, including centralization, these sectors have access to potential facilities for residential construction, and public and private investments can provide the preconditions for the revitalization of these structures [3].

What is presented as a new spatial order seeks the growth of the city within it and makes the most of the existing spaces and re-conquers the lost urban spaces. The growth of the city from within makes it possible for new urban planning and urban design to take shape in its true sense. Investment within the city is an attempt to form a new concept of the growth of the city, with the aim of equal and equitable distribution of facilities and equipment, in all parts of the city and at all levels. In this way, it will be possible to reconstruct and reorganize the body of the city.

Renovation of dilapidated urban structures while eliminating the disadvantages of horizontal development of cities has advantages such as Revival of specific urban socio-cultural identity, optimal use of existing urban facilities, normalization of urban appearance, elimination of some shortage of urban housing, optimal use of land in urban services such as schools, libraries, etc. Unfortunately, the use of existing potentials in these areas has been underused (Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, 2004).

With a brief review of the historical course and the formation of cities from the past to the present, we find that the interior and exterior of the facade in different historical periods have been influenced by various factors such as governance, political, economic issues, and customs. Urban development and prosperity of cities can be the basis of economic growth. But there is always the concern that construction activities will spread irregularly and have devastating natural and social consequences. In some cases, these consequences may have outweighed the benefits. Failure to internalize invisible externalities in the cost-benefit analysis of development projects usually leads to unsustainable development [4, 5, 6].

Identity is made up of the same values that are only understood in architecture, buildings, and especially in traditional buildings, because architecture is created in such a way that it can cultivate its values and create a body for it. Islamic architecture is an independent architecture that incorporates all the beautiful elements of architecture with Islamic characteristics in mind, in a way that depicts Islamic identity and culture, an architecture that is both introverted and extroverted, but gives originality. And the outside of the building is formed by the credit inside it. This type of architecture, in addition to being designed in harmony with the environment, determines the total material and spiritual needs of human beings.

The art of architecture is undoubtedly one of the most prominent manifestations of the civilization of any nation and the type of arrangement of buildings and its interior or exterior is closely related to the culture and economy of that society. Over the past several years, because of social, political, and economic changes, many changes have taken place in the type and manner of formation of residential structures. These changes can take the form of growth and development or the decline and death of the city throughout history. Meanwhile, the historical study of urban issues and the formation of urban contexts is one of the important sociological requirements in this field.

Preservation of historical monuments and relics is one of the important tasks of governments. Religious and cultural heritage in every city and country is a common property belonging to all present and future generations and builds their identity.

Therefore, the issue of assessing all economic, social, physical, and environmental effects of development projects with a strategic and systemic perspective, in addition to identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the development and implementation of these projects can lead planners and proposers to adopt flexible policies and methods. Guide the strategy and reduce the negative effects of project implementation on its residents and users.

The city of Mashhad is one of the most important metropolises in Iran which the speed of change is very high. Mashhad has an area of 351 square kilometers and a population of 3,001,184 and is the second largest city in Iran after Tehran (Statistical Center of Iran, 2016). Mashhad is in the historical area of Kashaf River and between Hezar Masjed and Binalood mountains. The maximum height of Mashhad is 1150 meters, and the minimum is 950 meters. Due to the presence of the shrine of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza, the eighth Imam of the Shiite religion, the city annually receives more than 27 million pilgrims from inside and two million pilgrims from abroad (Mashhad Statistic Center, 2019)[23].

Origin and growth of Mashhad as the second metropolis of Iran [7], the city owes its existence to the holy shrine of Hazrat Reza (AS) who was martyred in the year 203-202 AH by Ma'mun Khalifa Abbasi. The present metropolis of Mashhad, before the martyrdom of Imam Reza (AS), was a small and summer town called "Sanabad" which is one of the functions of the city of "Noghan" - one of the four cities of the ancient Toos region (Radkan, Tabaran, Bazdigreh and Noghan) - have been. After the martyrdom of Imam Reza (AS), his holy body was buried in the garden of Hamid ibn Qahtaba near the village of Sanabad and Noghan. The village of Sanabad was considered due to the presence of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and it started to develop and expand. Around the middle of the third century AH, the followers of the Alavi family and the neighbors of the holy shrine gradually built houses around the shrine. Then Adad al-Din Faramarzali built a protective wall in 515 AH for the inhabitants of the city. In 618 AH, after Toli Khan's attack on the city, the candlesticks of the holly shrine were looted. During the reign of the Sarbadars, many of the mansions under the Holy Shrine were rebuilt and development around the Holy Shrine began. After Miranshah's attack on Tous, the survivors of the war took refuge in Mashhad and settled in the city of Mashhad, which led to the prosperity and development of this city. Later, by the order of Shahrokh Teymouri, the second fence around the city was built. One of the factors of development and development of Mashhad was the proximity of Herat as the capital to Mashhad and between 997 and 1006 AH was one of the Uzbek occupations [8].

With the advent of Safavids and the officialization of the Shiite religion in Iran, the growth and development of the city of Mashhad accelerated and compared to previous historical periods, it enjoyed a significant growth so that the main fence of the city and major streets known as upper and lower streets. The valley was built during this period. In the late Safavid period, Mashhad was invaded by Afghans and suppressed by Nader Shah Afshar. The choice of Mashhad as the capital by Nader Shah increased the prestige and greatness of this city more than before, to the point that it increased the desire to settle in Mashhad and its population reached about 250,000 people (Adib al-Sho'ra, 1346).

Mashhad was in a very unfavorable situation between Nader's assassination and the rise of the Qajar dynasty (early 13th century AH), which led to a significant reduction in the city's population while still being invaded by the Turkmen. The city of Mashhad has undergone fundamental changes since the beginning of the thirteenth century (Reza Khan came to power in 1299 AH) in line with the changes that took place in the country. The physical expansion of the city caused the destruction of the old city fence in 1310 AH [10]. According to the plans of the Pahlavi era, the city was to be divided into two parts: religious-traditional (East Mashhad or Razavi) and tourist-modern (Mashhad or West Pahlavi), which remained unfinished with the advent of the Islamic Revolution [11].

The historical and old texture of Mashhad, which reflects the physical changes of the city's appearance from its inception to about 1300, is 11,689 hectares, which is a rich treasure of unique and beautiful historical monuments. Despite the destruction of many of the area's archeological sites throughout the history of the valley as a result of intermittent interventions, a rare case has been considered - causing the destruction of hundreds of buildings including gates, towers, fences, government buildings (citadels), mosques, schools, water reservoirs, Caravanserais, bazaars, palaces, etc. - The evolution of civilization and human civilization can still be found in the secluded alleys of the old neighborhoods of the city [12]. Basically, the central area of Mashhad, the main feature of which is to be enclosed within the old city wall, in the past consisted of six main neighborhoods with the names of Sarab, Sarshur, Eidgah, down the street, up the street and Noghan (16). The historical context of the city includes the primary nuclei of Noghan town, Sanabad village and "religious nucleus" and the residential texture of the old neighborhoods of the city, which is based on our pre-industrial attack and transportation technology, and it is the part of today that gradually until 1300 AD. Has been formed [13]. Of the six old and important neighborhoods of Mashhad, Noghan and Sarab are the oldest. Sarshur and Eid neighborhoods are sometimes after Noghan and Sarab in terms of antiquity; The two neighborhoods above the street and below the street, which are younger, were known by this name during the construction of Mashhad Street (at the beginning of the eleventh century AH) [14]. Until the end of the Qajar period, the city had six large neighborhoods and Arg neighborhood was a small neighborhood and a sub-neighborhood of Sarab [15, 16].

Therefore, attention to such issues that should be considered by urban planners, neglected and without considering the identity of place-space and without considering the aesthetic concepts in the city of Mashhad to destroy, change land use and development [17].

Studies show that the value system can be divided into two general categories of material values and spiritual values in one category and in another category can be examined in terms of form, meaning and function. Thus, as seen in the following matrix, each material or spiritual value has an objective appearance (form, embodiment) from which there is certain expectations and provides a specific function. This particular form and function can be derived from a series of meanings, or it induces new meanings. All three categories (form, meaning and function) can be considered value or counter-value. Different sources have expressed the evaluation criteria on these three categories, different factors of some of which are mentioned below.

Form: Studies show that the evaluation of forms is in two categories: natural and artificial. Thus, in the classification of natural forms, symbolic natural environments, such as mountains, sea, river, etc., the form affected by natural features. So, attention to micro-climates, is among the valuable criteria of a natural form. Also, urban green spaces, low slope and design based on topography are considered valuable. Also in immaterial dimensions, negative preferential behaviors (causes the destruction or obstruction of the object), positive preferential behaviors (causes the survival or formation of an object or situation), security, individual behaviors, family behaviors, group behaviors can cause a positive or negative value burden for the space. A review of urban design and theoretical documents has yielded a set of form evaluation metrics that can be seen in the Table 1.

Performance: Performance is the function of space that is evaluated according to the expectations that come from space. studies show that factors such as the provision of superior services, the existence of basic infrastructure, appropriate and safe, especially advanced and efficient transportation network with emphasis on public transportation and pedestrian movement, the existence of leisure facilities, efficiency, fitness (space) By activity) - Responding to new individual and collective needs, actions and activities that are visible and have a special meaning for the audience (visibility of performance), will create valuable environments. More items to determine valuable performance can be seen in the Table 1.

Meaning: The meaning of any action or form can be derived from three factors: norms (customs and traditions), worldview (beliefs and convictions), perception and adaptation to the mental image. Studies show that meaning plays a decisive role in valuation. Norms, worldviews, and their own perceptions can also be valued or counter valued. Among these factors such as compliance with customs, compliance (form) with norms - the relationship between space and cultural and social characteristics - privacy (included in concepts such as security and privacy), symbolic elements - legibility (way, edge, Nodes, signs, zones), index signs, sense of place, sense of belonging, unique identity, and historical richness can also manifest the meaning. Therefore, places with semantic and identity value that are part of the public urban space today, can be located within the old and worn urban fabric or part of buildings and spaces designed in the style of urban planning and modern and postmodern urban architecture.

According to the above classification, a valuable urban place can be considered as a result of valuable forms, valuable functions, and valuable meanings.

Various categories for such values, and in particular, sites that have a heritage value; have been developed by theorists in this field. Among them, Bernard Fielden, the first and most comprehensive classification of values in three categories: 1- Emotional values (emotional), 2- Cultural-educational values, and 3- Applied values [18], for how to face Bernard Fielden and Jokilehto discuss the identification of values, World Heritage sites in two categories: Cultural values and Contemporary socio-economic values [19] And Randall Mason have considered it in two categories: 1- socio-cultural values and 2- economic values with emphasis on conservation planning and management [20]. Alice Rigel also values cultural heritage values in Memorial values and Today's values and another researcher has divided them into three general categories 1 - Emotional values, 2 - Historical values and 3 - Scientific values [18].

These categories indicate in a way that places and spaces with valuable identity and meaning of cities, due to their role in transmitting the history and culture of a land to the present time, have special values of great importance in urban planning programs. These places have been the site of numerous historical and social events that have given them a special meaning and originality and convey the historical identity of the city to visitors and urban residents. In addition to their great cultural role, such places are the most important elements in attracting tourists who travel with the motivation of studying and understanding the culture of nations and lands. The passage of time and the change of attitudes in the planning and management of cities throughout history, dealing with valuable urban places and intervention in them have been changed and follows various patterns. But connecting the various attractions of cities in the form of recreational corridors, while connecting attractions and valuable places, providing the necessary opportunity for tourists to know the various hidden elements are common in all patterns.

This research takes a descriptive analytical view for a data collection method applying regular and systematic description of the current situation of the city and valuable places in terms of form, performance, and meaning, identity by studying the characteristics and traits of these places. In the practical dimension, the results of this research can be used in decision making and policies, as well as planning in the field of urban management and tourism management in Mashhad.

The method of this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that have been used intermittently and in accordance with each stage of the research.

• Identify and categorize places with semantic and identity value in Mashhad (existing and destroyed).
• Identification of places with valuable form.
• Investigation of functional interactions of valuable semantic-identity places and their immediate range in urban space and tourism of Mashhad, and
• Identification and introduction of tourism corridors in Mashhad.

4.1. Mapping places with existing semantic and identity values

Selecting indicators related to identifying places with semantic identity value in Mashhad and verifying it have been done by using the initial test of indicators. The method of work in this stage was based on qualitative methods (observation and study of texts related to the city) and accurate determination of the framework of indicators. The next step was to identify valuable places according to the criteria. The identification method varied according to the type of valuable places. Also, about historical valuable places, books and historical sources and the role and function of each of the identified places were used. Also, in this part of the study, valuable destroyed sites were identified and determined by referring to documents. The valuable location of the identified sites was also determined with the help of value identification authorities. The identification reference for measuring valuable places and the valuable nature of places was a questionnaire completed by religious-academic experts. The identification reference for measuring the general popularity of the identified places was a questionnaire completed by residents of Mashhad. Then, the thematic and content classification of the identified valuable places was performed based on the three categories of "meaning, function and form". Finally, the location of valuable places was extracted from latest dataset of Mashhad (2016). As some places were not exist in the dataset, exact location of them were pointed by high resolution earth observation imagery in 2020 and were geo-referenced by geographical information system (GIS). All valuable places were gathered as a data bank in the form of point or line data to be analyzed and presented by GIS. Moreover, the information related to each of them was recorded in spatial data tables. The Coordinate system used in this project was UTM.

Figure 1

Socio-cultural, pilgrimage, economic and physical characteristics of Mashhad in relation to tourism.

The effects of places with semantic and identity value on tourism space were investigated and the role of new uses for sustainable development of tourism and pilgrimage in the holy city of Mashhad was evaluated during the next steps:

1. Selection of elements and places with identity and meaning based on the observation, questionnaires, and documents;
2. Determining the immediate range of a valuable place affected by the existence of a valuable element;
3. Carrying out documentary and field studies regarding the identified areas (points and their immediate area);
4. Examining the types of urban uses and their suitability or incompatibility with the tourism function in the selected area; and
5. Analysis and study of the effect of spaces with semantic and identity values on attracting tourists and tourism prosperity in Mashhad.

These steps were performed based on the analysis of urban development documents, field observations, and the formation and geospatial mapping of layers of spatial information in GIS.

4.2. Statistical population, sampling method and sample size

According to the classification of semantic valuable places in the two groups of existing and destroyed, the statistical population of the study also included two categories:

1. To identify valuable places, statistical community includes the following: In surveying the general popularity of valuable urban places, the statistical population includes residents (over 40 years old and familiar with the central context of the city) in the thirteen districts of Mashhad. In examining the value nature of the identified places, the statistical community includes religious-academic experts aware of issues related to urban identity, urban planning, and tourism.
2. To identify non-existent and destroyed valuable places, the statistical population includes residents of neighborhoods (historical memory) and knowledgeable experts and officials of devices related to the subject of research.

Stratified sampling method was used to select the sample and complete the questionnaires of Mashhad residents. Each of the municipal areas of Mashhad is considered as one class. Class sampling is used when the variance between classes is high but within the class is low. In order to selected sample including a proportionate number of all units in the community, independent sampling is performed in each category. One of the advantages of stratified sampling is the increase in sampling accuracy due to low variance within classes. There are two types of stratified sampling: stratified sampling with proportional assignment and stratified sampling with optimum assignment.

In other words, stratified sampling (random sampling with classification) is appropriate when we can divide the statistical population in relation to the relevant attribute so that the units within the classes are similar in terms of the relevant attribute. In this type of sampling, the units of the study population are grouped into categories that are more homogeneous in terms of variable traits, to minimize their variation within groups. Then, from each of the categories, several samples are randomly selected. Usually, the criterion for classifying the units of society is a variable that depends on the attribute of the variable under study.

It seems that stratified sampling with optimum assignment is the most appropriate sampling method, because in addition to the fact that the volume of each class is proportional to its equivalent volume in the statistical population - that is, in addition to being affected by the frequency; It also affects the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity in the class. This homogeneity or heterogeneity in standard deviation is determined and the standard deviation of each class in sampling is measured separately. Therefore, each class that has more deviation - assuming other factors are constant - has a larger sample size and, conversely, classes that have less standard deviation have a smaller sample size. And this is perfectly consistent with the sampling logic.

Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size (Kazemi and Forghani [20]. In this method, the researcher can determine the sample size of his research by having a series of assumptions that follow.

Cochran's formula is: n = (t2 pqN) / [(N-1) d2 + t2pq]

Cochran's formula assumptions:

• T: is the standard normal distribution statistic, which is equal to 1.96 at the 95% confidence level.
• N: is the size of the statistical population that represents all members of the statistical population.
• P: is the probability of success in sampling and q is the probability of failure. Most of the time, researchers use the probabilistic method and declare the values of p and q in their research to be 0.5.
• D: is the probability of measurement error, which usually varies between 0.08 and 0.05, and the researcher changes the value of d depending on whether he or she wishes to choose a sample size that is high or low. In this way, if a small value of d is selected, the sample size will increase and vice versa.

According to the above description, the sample size for the study area was calculated as follows.

Therefore, the sample size was determined and distributed among the classes according to the share of each class in the total statistical population.

Also, purposeful sampling (snowball) was used to select a sample from among the experts (religious-academic).

4.3. Methods and techniques of data analysis

The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was compiled based on the verified and selected indicators. The technique of Delphi method was used to extract the opinions of experts and to evaluate the value of the places. Then the distribution of valuable places was presented by using GIS software (places with existing value and destroyed places). Moreover, geospatial mapping technique was used to analyze data in GIS. Among these techniques, the buffer tool of geo-processing tools was used to specify the tourist corridors.

Creating tourist corridors will increase the number of tourists and tourist tours of various tourist attractions. Corridors can have different attractions. Creating special tourism routes according to the uses around the main route, existing and tourism-related infrastructure, diversity of existing tourist attractions and the continuity of culture and social customs in this environment can help define specific corridors and develop sustainable tourism. These corridors can be effective in facilitating and organizing tourism-based entrepreneurship and providing a suitable model for the prosperity of the tourism industry. Reviving the traditional context, preserving the original environment, local development, business dynamism and job creation, preventing tourist confusion and reducing costs Travel in a tourist destination Among the benefits of creating tourism corridors and a factor of economic prosperity and social vitality and strengthening local communities, various tourism corridors as one of the important projects in creating change with the desired goals is an opportunity.

The plan to create tourist corridors will increase tourist visits and tourist tours of various tourist attractions. Identifying and inviting investors and paying facilities for the implementation of job creation projects related to functional tourism corridors is one of the most important issues that need to be on the agenda of executives. Valuable semantic and identity places located in Mashhad, including existing (healthy, abandoned and ruined) and destroyed (cleared) were identified and with the total registered places of Mashhad (122 works and valuable places within the city of Mashhad) and the information received from the General Directorate of Heritage of Khorasan Razavi Province were compared. After that, from the mentioned identified places, the registered, classified, restored, ruined, cleaned, and abandoned works that have a high probability of cleaning were identified and classified. Accordingly, the number of healthy registered works located in Mashhad was 63 units (Figure 2).

Also, 26 restoration units are among the joint registration plates of the municipality and the province's cultural heritage office (Figure 3). Most of the restoration buildings mentioned in this table are in operation and are valuable buildings of the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. It should be noted that some existing works such as Reza Bazaar, due to their contemporary with the second Pahlavi era, are not seen in the list of registered works. Finally, 11 ruined and abandoned registration works in the registration plates located in Mashhad are presented in (Figure 4). These works are among the works related to the Pahlavi and Qajar periods that need attention to reconstruct and revive the past.

Figure 2

Distribution status of valuable well places in Mashhad

Figure 3

Distribution status of restoration valuable places in Mashhad

Figure 4

Location and distribution status of ruined valuable places in Mashhad

As mentioned before, of the total valuable works located in the city of Mashhad, which have been registered in the list of national monuments of Iran during the last three decades, about 18% of the valuable places in Mashhad, during the implementation of urban development plans demolished and cleared. have become. Also, due to the change in the function of the urban fabric in the study area and the evacuation of the urban population due to physical changes and change of residential to commercial and residential uses during the mentioned years, many the mentioned places have lost their previous function and are abandoned, or they are ruined. These places are in danger of being cleared and remind the city administration of the need to pay attention to rehabilitation or reconstruction.

Figure 5

Value of well, restored and ruined valuable place’s location in Mashhad

As mentioned before, the focus of most of the valuable points of Mashhad city has been in Samen region and around the holy shrine, which with the development plan of the region, many historical and old places have been destroyed, cleared or are being cleared.

5.1. How to distribute valuable urban places in Mashhad?

As mentioned in the previous pages, the distribution of valuable places as described in the addresses, with a very high concentration in the Samen area and the surrounding area of this urban area. Of these, 14 valuable works in the area (holy shrine, gardens, parks, tombs and registered parks, 4 works with linear value (Jannat sidewalk, Nawab St., Shirazi St. and Imam Khomeini St. (citadel) and 94 points ( Areas with an area of less than 1 hectare (1000 square meters) and often in the form of historical buildings, squares, historic houses, schools, mosques, reservoirs and entrances left over from historical buildings) with a value registered by the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Cultural Deputy Mashhad Municipality have been separated and loaded according to the form. Although the body of Imam Reza (AS) Street was considered as one of the historical monuments left from the first Pahlavi era, but with the unsuitable development plan of Imam Reza Street, only in some parts of the works of this valuable inscription and wall can be seen.

A total of 122 works from the total identified works in the form of works in three groups of healthy, restored, and ruined works, were in Mashhad and had valuation indicators for this study. Other buildings were among the cleared places that were removed from places with semantic-identity value. Therefore, only the places that were identified as valuable during the evaluation and questioning of experts were examined and the addresses of these places were referred for field observation.

The results of these studies showed that the highest concentration of valuable urban places is in the Samen region and around the holy shrine. The classification of identified places indicates the existence of four types of registration value, conservation-registration, conservation and study. These sites include national monuments, endowments, private and public property.

The results of the studies show that the highest concentration of places with semantic and identity value is in the central area of Mashhad and around the holy shrine. For this area, cultural use has been defined in the comprehensive plan, and the highest concentration of historical and cultural attractions is in the area limited to Imam Reza Street and Shirazi Street (Figure 6). Due to the vastness of the perimeter of the holy shrine, which is also known as the Samen area of the municipality, the need to develop infrastructure commensurate with the population associated with tourism can be emphasized around the holy shrine.

5.2. Classification of places with semantic and identity value in Mashhad

The first step was to select indicators related to identifying places with semantic identity value in Mashhad. This was important by referring to the second network of the group program. In addition, at this stage, efforts were made to finalize and refine the obtained indicators. This was done through an initial test of indicators. The method of work at this stage was based on qualitative methods, especially observation and the study of texts related to the city. Therefore, at this stage, the exact framework of indicators was determined.

The next step was to identify valuable places according to refined criteria, and the identification method was different for each type of valuable place. This was true of places of historical value by referring to books and historical sources and the role and function of each of the identified sites. Regarding the places in the city space, this process was done by identifying the important spaces and uses in the city space and adapting them to the calculated indicators. In this part of the study, valuable destroyed places were also introduced, and their locations were determined.

In addition, the valuation of the identified sites was determined by adapting to the valuation indicators. To measure the general popularity of the identified places, the identification authority was "citizens of Mashhad", which was also assessed by completing a questionnaire.

For this purpose, the updated information received from the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Khorasan Razavi Province (2019) was matched with the information in the archives of the Deputy of Urban Planning and the Cultural Deputy of Mashhad Municipality (2019) and with the help of the addresses in this Documents, location of attractions in Mashhad were identified and in order to verify the information and rank the places with identified value obtained from the documents, visits and field studies were conducted to ensure the existence of valuable places. In the meantime, valuable works such as Reza Bazaar, National Garden, Kouhsangi Park, Mellat Park, Malek Abad Garden, Nakhrisi Factory (Provincial Live Museum) and Coca-Cola Factory (Research Square) were identified and added to the list of thematic places for survey. Also, the Sepad tourist area, parks and famous museums of the city that were visited by citizens, tourists and pilgrims but were not among the works, were identified and added to this list. Then, a questionnaire was prepared to be presented to executive experts and professors. As mentioned before, another questionnaire was developed for the group of citizens of Mashhad to get their opinion on the thematic value of these places. Finally, the total value determined by citizens and experts.

Among registered places, 127 valuable places were identified as places of active or regenerative semantic-identity value. Considering that the thematic value of these places was the criterion for selecting and zoning the selected tourist routes in this project, so the total average thematic score of citizens and experts to the identified valuable places was calculated and, in the classification, and preparation of zoning maps was used as a criterion of field operations. In this thematic breakdown, 8 groups were identified as described in the table below. The holy shrine was ranked first with a completely different identity and subject matter from all valuable places, and 26 other valuable places were ranked second, most of which include historical buildings, facades, mosques, and schools. 15 valuable places were in the third rank and 7 buildings acquired fourth rank. 15 valuable places were in the fifth group, 44 places were in the seventh rank, and 6 places were in the eighth rank.

In view of experts and citizens, the highest thematic value was related to the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and the lowest thematic value was related to Mashhad Flower Garden, which is a local park.

According to the findings, the gender distribution of the respondents was almost close to each other. 41.9% of the respondents were women and 58.1% were men. The age distribution of the respondents with an average age of 46 years, a minimum age of 24 years and a maximum of 84 years. The average residence time of the respondents in Mashhad is 38 years (minimum 2 years' residence and maximum 80 years' residence).

Mashhad is a one of important metropolitan in the north east of Iran. Every year, over 25 million tourists enter the city, which need to fill their free time and visit their favorite attractions in the limited time of their trip. For this purpose, in order to identify and introduce suitable tourism zones and routes with the most appropriate adaptation to the existing and peripheral uses, research was conducted during the years 2018-2020. This research is a descriptive research based on the purpose of applied research and based on how to collect and analyze data. By examining the current situation and regular and systematic description of the current situation of the city and valuable places in terms of shape, meaning, identity and by studying the characteristics and traits of these places, examines the relationship between variables that can be used in decisions and policies, as well as planning in the field of urban management and tourism management in Mashhad. After evaluating the physical space of Mashhad in terms of semantics and identity with the aim of promoting tourism, valuable places in terms of type of attraction were placed in three groups of places with cultural, historical and religious value.

The General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts has registered 130 valuable attractions and places in two groups (the building group and the building complex), and has divided them into four groups: removed, renovated, well and destroyed building. Of these, the removed sites were not surveyed and evaluated, and only 127 registered and unregistered sites with existing value were evaluated. The classification of identified sites included five types of registration value, protection-registration, protection and under investigation (including historical, national monuments, endowments, personal and public property). Only 19% of the detailed plan uses and 65% of the master plan uses corresponded to recreational, green, cultural, historical and pilgrimage uses, and most of the valuable sites were in commercial, residential, urban, educational and government-administrative uses. Based on this, the appropriate distribution of tourist routes for travelers to visit the city of Mashhad was done and 10 corridors and zones were selected that concluded, Zones (The holy shrine, Ferdowsi tomb, Khorshid park, Mellat Park, Vakilabad forest park and Khalaj residence) and Corridors (Mosalla to Tohid Square, Shohada Square to Dah-e-Dey Square, Railway station to Kouhsangi Park and the railway square to Akhund Khorasani). The basis of this choice was the existence of a valuable place at the origin and destination of the routes and the existence of appropriate tourism, commercial, welfare and cultural infrastructure and the ability to access various uses. Percentage and number of valuable places in each proposed route necessarily meant percentage of the total, excluding repetition in other routes. Therefore, the tourist will have a better chance of choosing than visiting the tourist routes that have the most focus and variety of topics or have a specific theme. This also facilitates conditions for city managers and planners and makes it possible to load infrastructure at a lower cost.

In other hands, the results of the analysis of patterns and approaches of planning, intervention and exposure to identifying and semantic places of cities with historical background around the world, some of which were discussed in this study, the importance of urban revitalization and reconstruction and forgotten identities. It has been included in the agenda of city managers and policy makers in the fields of urban management and tourism management in these countries. Because the process of urban regeneration will lead to the re-creation of lost spaces and the economic and social dynamism of cities, and will lead to economic mobility in these areas.

The efforts of countries in this regard are reflected in the formulation and implementation of international protocols on the identification and rehabilitation of valuable urban sites. These protocols demonstrate the importance of valuable sites and international restoration guidelines, including the Fez Charter, the Bergen Resolution, the Declaration of Santiago de Compostela, the Burra Final Charter (1999) (the ICOMOS Charter for the Restoration and Protection of Sites Culturally Valued), Krakow Charter, Quebec Declaration (Cooperation between Continental States to Ensure Restoration and Preservation of Historic Cities), Congress of Athens (1931), Congress of Venice (1964), Declaration of ICOMOS (1998), Vienna Memorandum, Seoul Declaration, Declaration Jian pointed to Hui's statement. In these international commitments, in addition to comprehensive attention to comprehensive and macro-approaches in dealing with identifying places and spaces, emphasis is placed on international cooperation and support for ideas based on the protection of indigenous cultures and the history of nations and territories.

Examining these documents, while helping to identify the latest perspectives in this area, provides an example of a practical framework for implementing "integrated conservation and regeneration" policies, including documents published by the Getty Institute in the United States and the British Heritage. Recognize the experiences and practical framework of conservation and development policies. The rules and regulations that are understood through the lines of these documents, in a way, represent a kind of evolutionary trend in conservation and regeneration approaches in historical environments, the latter type of which has been called "integrated conservation and regeneration".

It seems that the main goal in most of the necessary interventions is to protect the old urban textures as a unique social and cultural wealth and then the tourism boom. Due to the strong sense of spatial affiliation, the economic support of executive programs in this area is public, cooperative and private capital. If this feature can be seen in the manner and process of investment and operation of these spaces. Preserving the identity of cultural and religious spaces, mainly by dedicating a clear example of the sense of belonging and mental image of the meaning and identity of the city of Mashhad.

Therefore, by reviving the proposed tourism zones and corridors and preparing and formulating tourism development plans for designated corridors and operational and executive intervention, in accordance with international standards in these areas, it is possible to protect and develop single buildings (valuable places) from Reacted through reuse. Also with the functions of urban tourism (suggested uses: museum, library, book cafe, cultural center, film education, traditional and indigenous art and music, theater, revitalizing the structure of the traditional Iranian-Islamic city with the main elements, including roads, neighborhoods, businesses and Public spaces such as bazaars, mosques, baths, etc. in parts of the city that have a higher density of valuable places) strengthened them.