Higher-than Expected Social Security Reliance Among Educated Black Americans: Minorities' Diminished Returns in National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2023
Table 1.
Descriptives Overall and by Race
|
| |
All |
|
White |
|
Black |
|
|
|
| |
% |
SE |
% |
SE |
% |
SE |
|
|
| Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
83.50 |
0.57 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
| Black |
16.49 |
0.57 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
| Education* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
9.44 |
0.30 |
8.51 |
0.30 |
14.16 |
0.89 |
|
|
| High School Graduate |
55.92 |
0.46 |
54.71 |
0.50 |
62.08 |
1.04 |
|
|
| Bachelor or More |
34.62 |
0.50 |
36.77 |
0.55 |
23.74 |
0.92 |
|
|
| Marital Status* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other |
50.29 |
0.45 |
46.56 |
0.47 |
69.17 |
1.03 |
|
|
| Married |
49.70 |
0.45 |
53.43 |
0.47 |
30.82 |
1.03 |
|
|
| Last Week Employment* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unemployed |
43.23 |
0.44 |
43.19 |
0.47 |
43.40 |
1.11 |
|
|
| Employed |
56.76 |
0.44 |
56.80 |
0.47 |
56.59 |
1.11 |
|
|
| Gender* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
50.67 |
0.40 |
50.12 |
0.42 |
53.46 |
1.04 |
|
|
| Male |
49.32 |
0.40 |
49.87 |
0.42 |
46.53 |
1.04 |
|
|
| Social Security Income* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
69.63 |
0.42 |
68.55 |
0.45 |
75.07 |
0.96 |
|
|
| Yes |
30.36 |
0.42 |
31.44 |
0.45 |
24.92 |
0.96 |
|
|
| Social Security Disability Income* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
90.52 |
0.27 |
91.47 |
0.28 |
85.68 |
0.83 |
|
|
| Yes |
9.47 |
0.27 |
8.52 |
0.28 |
14.31 |
0.83 |
|
|
| Disability Benefit Income* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
91.88 |
0.25 |
92.70 |
0.25 |
87.73 |
0.81 |
|
|
| Yes |
8.11 |
0.25 |
7.29 |
0.25 |
12.26 |
0.81 |
|
|
| Income From Public Assistance* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
96.89 |
0.17 |
97.38 |
0.16 |
94.43 |
0.62 |
|
|
| Yes |
3.10 |
0.17 |
2.61 |
0.16 |
5.56 |
0.62 |
|
|
| |
Mean |
SE |
Mean |
SE |
Mean |
SE |
|
|
| Age (Years)* |
49.81 |
.18 |
50.55 |
.19 |
46.08 |
.39 |
|
|
Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2023.
* p < 0.05
|
|
