Gender Differences in Quit Rates in a Tobacco Cessation Program: In Search of Demographic, Socioeconomic, Health, or Behavioral Explanatory Mechanisms

Table 5.

Stratified Models by Gender

Variables Quit Smoking

Men Women

Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI) Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Study Arm        
Self-help group Ref. Ref. Empty Empty
In-person group 2.44 (0.87, 6.90) 2.00 (0.39, 10.20) 1.08 (0.39, 2.93) 0.76 (0.18, 3.23)
Virtual/hybrid group 0.76 (0.24, 2.39) 0.61 (0.11, 3.45) Omitted Omitted
Age        
50 years or less Ref. Ref. Ref. Empty
More than 50 years 0.77 (0.28, 2.12) 1.15 (0.27, 4.96) 4.62 (0.58, 36.68) Omitted
Educational Attainment        
Some high school or less Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Graduated from high school/GED 0.55 (0.19, 1.57) 0.37 (0.07, 1.98) 6.19 (0.70, 54.31) 4.80 (0.40, 57.25)
Some college 0.71 (0.21, 2.35) 0.69 (0.10, 4.52) 9.00* (1.01, 79.99) 5.24 (0.43, 63.79)
Bachelor or more 0.44 (0.08, 2.46) Empty 18.00* (1.95, 166.44) 8.33 (0.58, 120.24)
Number of Cardiometabolic Risk Conditions 1.07 (0.67, 1.72) 1.58 (0.78, 3.21) 1.43 (0.87, 2.34) 2.22 (0.88, 5.61)
Depression 0.51** (0.32, 0.82) 0.24** (0.09, 0.63) 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) 0.77 (0.45, 1.31)
Perceived Stress 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) 1.05 (0.80, 1.40) 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) 1.11 (0.85, 1.46)
Perceived Social Support 1.66* (1.03, 2.67) 1.51 (0.73, 3.13) 1.24 (0.67, 2.29) 2.43 (0.81, 7.31)
Other Tobacco Product Use        
No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Yes 1.17 (0.43, 3.20) 2.34 (0.52, 10.41) 2.74 (0.89, 8.39) 3.99 (0.36, 43.66)
Menthol/Multiple Flavor Use        
No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Yes 0.67 (0.11, 3.87) 0.06 (0.00, 1.21) 0.16* (0.04, 0.61) 0.08 (0.00, 1.94)
Nicotine Addiction (at Baseline) 0.86 (0.69, 1.06) 1.07 (0.77, 1.51) 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) 1.10 (0.75, 1.62)

Abbreviations: 0R= Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval; ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05.