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<b>Background:</b> Educational attainment is strongly linked to increased employment opportunities, higher income, and greater financial security, making its inverse relationship with reliance on social welfare programs well-documented.<b> </b>However, consistent with the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, the protective effects of education may be weaker for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to non-Latino Whites. This study examines whether the impact of educational attainment (measured as years of schooling) on social welfare use differs between Caribbean Black and White adults in the United States, focusing on outcomes since age 18 and in the past year. <b>Objective:</b><b> </b>To investigate the relationship between years of schooling and the likelihood of using social welfare programs, while exploring whether this association varies between Caribbean Black and White adults, in alignment with the MDRs framework. <b>Methods:</b><b> </b>Data were derived from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), a nationally representative dataset with a robust sample of Black and White adults in the United States. The study focused on Caribbean Black and White participants aged 18 and older. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between years of schooling and social welfare use, adjusting for covariates including age, gender, employment status, and marital status. Interaction terms were used to assess potential differences in the returns of education across racial groups. <b>Results:</b><b> </b>Higher educational attainment was associated with reduced likelihood of using social welfare programs overall. However, consistent with the MDRs framework, the protective effect of education was weaker for Caribbean Black individuals compared to their White counterparts. Caribbean Blacks with similar levels of education as Whites were more likely to report using social welfare programs since age 18 and in the past year, highlighting diminished returns on education for this population. <b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>This study extends the MDRs framework to Caribbean Black populations, a group rarely studied in the U.S., revealing significant disparities in the economic benefits of education. The findings underscore the need for policies that address systemic barriers limiting the economic returns of education for racial and ethnic minorities, including Caribbean Blacks, to promote greater equity in social and economic outcomes.

<b>Background: </b>Educational attainment is often regarded as a pathway to economic stability and social mobility. However, the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework has demonstrated that the effects of educational attainment on various economic, behavioral, and health outcomes are weaker for marginalized populations, including racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those living in disadvantaged areas. While MDRs have been documented for various marginalized demographic groups, the role of trauma in moderating socioeconomic outcomes remains underexplored. <b>Objective:</b> This study examines whether lifetime trauma exposure diminishes the positive association between educational attainment and poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), a key indicator of economic well-being. <b>Methods:</b> Using data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), we analyzed a nationally representative sample of 6,008 adults, including Black, White, Latino, and Other racial/ethnic groups. We employed linear regression models to evaluate the association between the independent variable educational attainment and the outcome PIR. We then tested lifetime trauma as a moderator of this association. Models controlled for age, gender, employment, and race/ethnicity. <b>Results:</b> Educational attainment was positively associated with PIR across all groups, but the strength of this association was significantly attenuated for individuals with a history of lifetime trauma. These effects were independent of covariates. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings extend the MDRs framework by highlighting trauma as a potential contributor to diminished returns of education on socioeconomic wellbeing. Structural inequities that increase trauma exposure in minoritized populations may also limit the economic benefits of education, particularly for groups with multiple trauma exposures. Policies aimed at addressing economic inequality must integrate social policies that reduce trauma and stress.

<b>Background:</b> Educational attainment is a well-established predictor of physical health outcomes, including body mass index (BMI). However, according to the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), the health benefits of education tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites, due to structural inequalities and social disadvantages. <b>Objective:</b><b> </b>This study examines whether the association between educational attainment and BMI is weaker among Latino individuals compared to non-Latino individuals, in line with the MDRs framework. <b>Methods:</b><b> </b>Data were drawn from the 2014 wave of the Understanding America Study (UAS), a nationally representative internet-based panel. Body mass index (BMI) was the outcome of interest. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between educational attainment and BMI, with an interaction term for ethnicity to explore differences in the relationship between Latino and non-Latino people. Models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, and labor market participation and results were presented as beta coefficients, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <b>Results:</b><b> </b>Higher educational attainment was associated with lower BMI for both Latino and non-Latino participants (p < 0.001). However, the interaction between educational attainment and ethnicity was significant (p < 0.05), indicating that Latino individuals experienced smaller reductions in BMI because of higher education compared to non-Latino people. <b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>This study provides evidence of diminished returns from educational attainment on BMI among Latino individuals. These findings support the MDRs framework, suggesting that structural barriers may limit the health benefits of education for Latino populations. While education is a key determinant of physical and mental health, its benefits are not equitably distributed across ethnic groups. Structural inequalities, chronic stress, poor neighborhood environments, and adverse educational and occupational conditions likely contribute to this disparity. Addressing these underlying factors through targeted policy interventions is necessary to promote health equity for Latino populations.

<b>Background:</b> Education is widely regarded as a key driver of financial literacy, yet racial and ethnic disparities persist. Even among highly educated individuals, African American and Hispanic populations may face challenges in financial literacy, likely due to structural racism and socioeconomic inequalities that diminish the benefits of education. This study examines the relationship between education and financial literacy among African American and Hispanic individuals compared to their White counterparts, focusing on how structural factors contribute to these disparities. <b>Objective:</b><b> </b>To determine whether highly educated African American and Hispanic individuals exhibit lower financial literacy compared to similarly educated White individuals and to explore the role of structural factors in explaining these disparities. <b>Methods:</b><b> </b>Data from the 2016 Understanding America Study (UAS) were used to evaluate financial literacy among U.S. adults. The sample was stratified by race/ethnicity (African American, Hispanic, and White) and educational attainment. Financial literacy was assessed using standardized financial knowledge tests. Multivariate regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between race/ethnicity, education, and financial literacy, adjusting for socioeconomic factors such as income, employment, and household wealth. <b>Results:</b><b> </b>African American and Hispanic individuals with higher levels of education demonstrated significantly lower financial literacy scores than their White peers (p < 0.001). The positive association between education and financial literacy was notably stronger for White individuals than for African American and Hispanic individuals. Further analyses suggest that structural barriers, including systemic discrimination in access to financial resources and disparities in educational quality, contribute to these diminished returns on education for racial and ethnic minorities. <b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>This study highlights persistent financial literacy disparities among highly educated African American and Hispanic individuals, underscoring the limitations of education alone in overcoming structural inequalities. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policies to address systemic barriers that restrict the financial knowledge and opportunities typically associated with higher education for racial and ethnic minority groups.

The purpose of this study was to examine the Free Sanitary Pad Intervention Programme for Girls’ Education and School Retention in Tolon District in the Northern Region of Ghana. Quantitatively, a descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The study population consist of female menstruating school adolescent girls from these five St, Monica’s R/C, Nyankpala D/A, Nizamia E/A, Islamia E/A and Nawaria E/A junior high schools between the ages of 10 to 22 years who were beneficiaries of CAMFED intervention programmes in the Tolon district. A homogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select the five junior high schools and the one-hundred and fifty (150) adolescent girls in their menstrual cycle stage. The main instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire. The data entry and analysis were done by using the SPSS version 20 software package. The data was edited, coded and analysed into frequencies, percentages with interpretations. The study concluded that, there were frequent distribution of free sanitary pads among the beneficiaries’ schools. The study also indicated that the education given to the respondents during the distribution of the free sanitary pads led to improved menstrual hygiene management practices. It is recommended that, schools within the Tolon district should put in place the necessary and adequate toiletry and disposal systems to ensure menstrual hygiene among students especially, girls, during that time of the month. It is also recommended that, Government should make it a priority to provide every school with some sanitary products and drugs to cater for the female student taken by surprise with her monthly flow or the pain associated with mensuration not interfering with her academic work.