Articles

Figure 2. Different coating processes for paper applications, (a) extrusion coating; (b) curtain coating; (c) size press coating; (d) bar coating; and (e) dip coating. (36)

Figure 3. Spray coating experimental system for coating CNF on the paper substrates

Figure 4. Viscosity of CNF suspension using Brookfield dip cup Method

Figure 5. Viscosity of CNF suspension using dip cup Method

Figure 6. Spray Coated Wet Laminates of Cellulose nanofibre on the paper

Figure 7. Dried Spraycoated CNF laminates on the paper

Figure 8. Plot between CNF suspension consistencies versus Air permeability of the CNF coated sheet.

Figure 9. Plot between CNF coat weights versus Air permeability of the CNF coated sheet.

Figure 10. Plot between CNF coat weight and CNF coat thickness

Figure 11. Plot between surface roughness (ml/min) and CNF suspension consistency

Figure 12. Mechanical Strength of CNF laminated paper sheet

Figure 13. Sample Breakage during Mechanical Testing. Sometime the breakage of CNF layer will be first and then paper substrate.

Figure 14. SEM </b><b>Micrographs of Packaging Paper (Uncoated).</b> The high magnification image shows the particles of cellulose clumped with the micro fibres in the surface of the uncoated sheet. The low magnification confirms the presence of the cellulose interconnected fibres with various size of surface pores.

Figure 15. SEM micrographs of CNF laminated Packaging Papers.</b> The SEI image of the peeled cellulose film from the base sheet at High and Low magnification. The cellulose film has surface roughness due to the presence of difference size in fibers.

Figure 16. SEI Micrograph of the spray coated paper. These are rough images of spray coated paper and confirm the presence of cellulose fibrils and various size of the pores in the surface of spray coated sheet.

Figure 17. SEI Micrographs of the spray coated paper at High and Low magnification. The high magnification image shows the coating coverage of the surface of the paper substrates. The surface of the coated base sheet shows different size of the cellulose fibers. SEM micrographs reveal the closure of surface pores on the paper by cellulose nanofibres.

Figure 18. Effect of Homogenized cellulose nanofibre on the barrier performance of brown paper. The air permeance of the brown paper before coating, wetting with water via spraying, coating with raw cellulose nanofibre and coated with homogenized cellulose nanofibre via spraying were evaluated.

Figure 19. Dowweb coater for Scale up of spray coating process.