Articles

The study aimed to examine the availability of protective clothing and its usage among workers at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. It used the Accident-Proneness Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action to achieve the study's objectives. The study adopted the positivist research paradigm. The study used a descriptive design with mixed methods. The study population comprised all workers and supervisors whose work demands the use of protective clothing at the University of Cape Coast. The study used multistage sampling techniques (stratified, purposive, proportional and Systematic random sampling techniques) to select one hundred and ninety-six departmental workers and five (5) supervisors in the University. The main instruments for data collection were a Semi-structured questionnaire and an unstructured interview guide. Mean and standard deviation, frequency count, and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analysed through the development of data categories and themes. The study concluded that “not all the protective clothing for the various departments were available. The University ensured that workers used what was in stock at the department. The protective clothing supplied to the various departments was insufficient, so their continuous use of the existing ones got them defaced, bringing about shortages. The study also revealed that workers used protective clothing most often, but not all used it because safety laws were relaxed. The study recommended that the University ensure a regular and adequate supply of PPC, insist on its usage, and enforce the use of PPC by all workers whose work demands it.

Good academic writing requires a good combination of cohesive ties and coherent features in the text. This study aimed to assess whether paragraph unity and coherence in writing were achieved among students of the Komenda College of Education concerning gender. Lakoff’s Theory underpinned the study. The quantitative approach and a descriptive research design were used in the study. The sample size was 60 (40 males and 20 females). Level 200 students from the Komenda College of Education Department of English were selected using census techniques. The instruments used for data collection were text items and questionnaires. Paragraphs written by the students were analysed using narratives, and quantitative data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and the independent samples t-test. The study revealed that male students have a higher mean score than female students. The study also concluded that there was no significant difference between male and female students regarding achieving paragraph unity and coherence in writing. In other words, gender does not influence how paragraph unity and coherence are achieved in writing – males and females are statistically the same. It is recommended that the principals of the various colleges of education in Ghana encourage the college tutors and the Student Representative Council (SRC) leadership to introduce a programme which engages college students in competitive writing without gender barriers. This programme will ensure that students compete by writing academic papers, demonstrating their knowledge of achieving unity and coherence in writing. This programme can be done every academic year, and an equal number of males and females are presented yearly.

This study investigates the relationship between teacher-trainees' academic self-concept and performance in Colleges of Education in Ghana. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from teacher-trainees in Ada and Accra Colleges of Education through surveys and interviews. The study hypothesised that there is no significant relationship between academic self-concept and academic performance among teacher-trainees. Results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between academic self-concept and performance, indicating that teacher-trainees with higher academic self-concepts tend to perform better academically. Furthermore, gender differences in academic self-concept and performance were explored, with findings suggesting no significant gender disparities in either domain. Institutional factors, such as school climate and resources, were also found to influence academic performance. Recommendations include promoting positive academic self-concept, implementing gender-responsive pedagogy, and creating supportive learning environments in Colleges of Education. By addressing these factors, teacher education programs can better prepare future educators for success in the classroom and contribute to the improvement of educational quality in Ghana.

Delirium is a major complication most commonly observed in patients with advanced cancer. However, despite its prevalence, the early diagnosis, management, and prevention of this condition have not seen significant progress. Aim of this research is to provide insights into the prevalence of delirium, the optimization of interventions for managing delirium symptoms, their effectiveness and the impact of underlying factors on the reversibility of delirium in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. The review involved systematic searches of relevant databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and PsychInfo using refined search terms. Eight publications out of 614 studies originally searched were selected and critically reviewed. Their quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool for Case Series. Data abstraction and content analysis were performed to synthesize the findings. Delirium is prevalent among advanced cancer patients in palliative care, with rates ranging from 10.3% to 24.1%. Pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological interventions showed effectiveness in reducing delirium symptoms. Delirium was found to be reversible through palliative care interventions, antipsychotic medications, and exercise therapy. Effective delirium management is crucial in improving the quality of life of cancer patients. This review emphasizes the importance of subtype-specific treatments, standardized guidelines, and long-term follow-up studies. Implementing evidence-based individualized approaches to delirium management can optimize treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes in patients as well as improve the quality of care. Tailored interventions, standardized protocols, and further research are hereby recommended.

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges faced by students of Colleges of Education (CoEs) in developing their Information Literacy skills. The study adopted the post-positivism paradigm. Descriptive survey research design used in this study Survey. The population for this study comprised all Level 200 students at Wiawso CoE, Enchi CoE, and Bia Lamplighter CoE in the Western North Region. Purposive, stratified, and convenience sampling techniques were used to select colleges of education and level 200 students. The three (3) colleges of education were stratified and purposively selected while 256 level 200 students were stratified and conveniently sampled. The study employed questionnaires to collect data from the sampled students. Questionnaires (open and closed-ended questions) focused on the challenges faced by the students in developing their<b> </b>Information Literacy (IL) skills. The quantitative data was captured, analysed, and presented in descriptive statistics such as percentages, and frequency tables, to determine the objective of the study. It is recommended that to improve digital literacy and academic pursuits, the college management should improve access to desktop computers and the Internet in the library and computer centre. It is also recommended that Management and librarians of the Colleges of Education ensure that students have access to these devices at the library and can use them to develop their IL skills and help them manage their references more effectively.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of REACH and Process Models on forgiveness, anger and depression among 11- to 19-year-old adolescents in junior high schools in Bimbilla in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed a mixed-method design. The population for the study comprised all junior high school students totalling 3632. Of this number, 1,888 (55%) of the students were males, while 1744(45%) were females. The accessible population was 1,636 from eight (8) JHSs with 952(55%) of them being boys and the remaining 684(45%) being girls. The participants were selected based on their low levels of forgiveness and high levels of anger and depression determined by the Depression Mode Scale and Anger Self-Report. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 60 participants for the study, with each group having 20 participants. The main instruments used for the study are questionnaires (Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI). Anger self-report questionnaire (ASR), and Depressed Mood Scale (DMS) and semi-structured interview guide. One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The study indicates that both the REACH model and PROCESS model have the efficacy in enhancing forgiveness among adolescents. The study also revealed that the REACH model and Process model have efficacy in reducing levels of depression among adolescent students. It is recommended that Counselling Centres should be set up by District Education Offices and the District Assemblies in the community so that students can visit the centre anytime they feel hurt. Regular seminars, lectures and symposia should be organized regularly by Counsellors and Psychologists using the efficacy of forgiveness therapies (Process and REACH Therapies) for students to be sensitized on the need to patronise forgiveness interventions. It is also recommended that the Government should provide adequate funds and support to encourage the conduct of research in forgiveness counselling since it is a new concept in Africa and Ghana in particular.

The Internationalization of higher education has plummeted since the 2010 tightening of migration policies. This study aims to examine the retention and graduation rates of international students at Northern Arizona University (NAU). Using a quantitative analysis approach, the study utilized secondary data from the Center for International Admission and Recruitment Office at NAU to examine the university’s recruitment, graduation, and retention strategies. The aim was to evaluate the impact of internationalization strategies on application and enrolment numbers. The study sample consisted over 2000 international students from fourteen countries, including China, India, Vietnam, Kuwait, Nepal, Ghana, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Canada, Mexico, France, and Iran in four cultural groups (Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America). A random sampling technique was used to select these countries partly because of their highest applications, enrolment numbers, as well as their adoption of recruitment strategies like those used by higher education institutions in the United States. A descriptive graphic representation, focusing on full-time undergraduate students during fall semesters, specifically freshmen international students, is illustrated. To facilitate a cross-country comparison of international students, this study presents an analysis of retention and graduation data across different countries spanning the past five years, from 2016 to 2020.

The objective of this research was to investigate work-family conflict among management staff of hotels in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana. The study employs the pragmatism approach and Convergent parallel mixed methods research technique. The population of the study is all-star-rated management staff of star-rated hotels in the Accra metropolis. Stratified, random and convenient sampling techniques were used to select 182 out of 356 respondents. One hundred (100) were sampled using a formula and a table determination of sample size based on the confidence level needed from a given population as provided by Krejcie and Morgan in 1970 for the study. Ten managers were conveniently interviewed on the issues of work-family conflict. The main instruments for data collection were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide. This study adopted factor analysis and a structural equation model to examine factors that influence work-family conflict. This statistical technique was used in the research to investigate the factorability of the variables of work-related and family-related factors separately and a structural equation model was used to combine both factors to better understand the relationship. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between work-family conflict. Pearson product-moment Correlation and structural equation model were used to determine the consequences of work-family conflict. It can be concluded that both work-related such as work overload, job type and involvement as well as family-related factors such as life cycle stage, and childcare arrangement predict work-family conflict among managers of hotels in the Accra metropolis. It is also deducted WFC affect managers’ performance on the job, exhaust them emotionally and also influences their intentions to leave the job for another. Managers usually feel fatigued to prepare for work and physically drained after work. They also feel depressed and emotionally drained sometimes. It is recommended that top management of hotels should allocate a budget to build an organisational culture that encourages work-family balance. Frontline managers should be trained to be aware of the benefit of providing support in the work environment that will help staff balance work and family. It is also recommended that hotel jobs be redesigned by the human resource unit to reduce workload and make it more interesting for managers so they may not feel overworked. Overworking of managers will enhance their intentions to quit the job and this will be costly for hotels.

Qualitatively, the study adopted a content analysis approach. There were eight State of the Nation addresses that the Ex-President John Kufour delivered during his tenure of office but only two of them are analysed in this study. The purposive sampling approach was used to select two State of the Nation addresses samples. The State of the Nation addresses of two years were picked for the study. The years are: 16<SUP>th</SUP> February 2001, and 14<SUP>th</SUP> February 2008. The qualitative data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the content analysis of the two speeches delivered by ex-president Kufour. Selective coding was used to code the occurrence of the categories of the epistemic modality expressions in the data. The epistemic modal elements as well as the sentences in which they occurred were then manually copied for further verification. These processes made the frequency count faster, more effective and more accurate. The data shows the relevant clauses or sentences containing modal expressions sampled within the contexts of epistemic meanings in the texts. The study has made it apparent that the expression of certainty is predominant. The data also indicates that the Ex-president has a greater tendency to use more modal adjuncts followed by the other modal auxiliary verb categories in expressing certainty in the selected State of the Nation Addresses during his State of the Nation Addresses. One question that arises is, why the Ex-president had a greater tendency to express more certainty in his State of the Nation Addresses. The answer is that Ex-president was fully sure and convinced of the information on the nation’s development and future programmes captured in the addresses. Thus, he appeared a confident, trustworthy and knowledgeable leader. Furthermore, the use of epistemic modality in the State of the Nation Addresses is neither haphazard nor coincidental. Instead, it is informed by reason of specific communicative intent. It is recommended that Public speakers and politicians should take the epistemic markers into consideration when writing the State of the Nation Address or any other texts in order to clarify shared opinion. It is also recommended that the Faculty of Language of the University of Education of Winneba should consider the concept of epistemic modality as a course of study in all various Language Departments including the Department of Communication Skills.

The purpose of the study was to examine teachers’ perception on repairing of clothes in Agona Kwanyako in the central region of Ghana. Quantitative research approach and Descriptive survey design were adopted for this study. The population of this study comprised teachers in the seven public Basic Schools, one Senior High School, two private Basic Schools and one Vocational and Technical School in Agona Kwanyako. Krejcie and Morgan chart was used to sample hundred and fifty-five (155) out of two hundred and sixty (260) teachers in Agona Kwanyako schools. The main instrument for data collection and analysis was questionnaire. All the questionnaires retrieved were prepared by sorting and coding. They were then entered into IBM SPSS Statistics 2017 version 25.0 for data to be analysed. The SPSS software was used to generate mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages on the data because it is fast, energy saving and gives a consistent and accurate statistical representation of raw data. Findings were then discussed in relation to the research question for the study. Data were presented using tables and charts. The study indicated that the perception one holds about the repair of clothes affects how they view the act and their subsequent adaptation of the exercise. The perception teachers hold about clothes repair was that, clothes protect the environment, create employment and alleviate one from poverty, helps clothes stay trendy and can give one a sense of satisfaction. It can also be concluded that clothes that are normally used such as dresses, shirts and trousers are the types of clothes mostly repaired. Teachers have positive perception about clothes repair. Based on this it is recommended that Home Economics teachers should team up with other teachers to inculcate proper clothes care in their students. Also, clothes should be made in such a way that repairing is easier and possible based on the findings on the types of clothes that are mostly repaired.

The purpose of this study was to examine the ideological motivations behind the use of metaphor in some selected speeches of former president John Dramani Mahama. Qualitatively, the study adopted a textual analysis research design. The study focused on Ghana’s political discourse with an emphasis on some selected speeches of former president John Dramani Mahama which were published between 4th July, 2012 to 6th January, 2017. A purposive sampling technique was used to select twenty (20) speeches of former president Mahama which were predominantly couched by layers of metaphors. The data were coded and metaphorically analysed in themes with interpretations. The analysis of metaphor in this study has shown that Critical Discourse Analysis is the best methodology for the analysis of spoken text in order to find out metaphorical meanings in discourse structures. The study revealed that Mahama’s use of metaphors was motivated by discursive practices such as hope, self-glorification, superiority and dominance and establishing commonality. The study indicated that metaphors are key discourse elements that foster understanding between and among participants in a political context. The study found that Mahama employs intertextuality as a rhetorical device. It is recommended that future researchers should devote time to look at the ideological implications of the use of intertextuality by Mahama.

The purpose of this study was to assess the educational implications of children involved in small scale mining activities at Kyebi in the Abuakwa South District of Ghana. Qualitatively, case study research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study consisted of junior high school head teachers in the Abuakwa South District of Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all the thirty (30) junior high school head teachers who have taught in the district between 25 to 30 years. The main instrument for data collection was Semi-structured interview guide. Data collected by the researchers from participants was analysed through the use of the interpretive method based on the themes identified at in the data collection. The themes were related to the research question and interpreted based on the number of issues raised by participants. The study concluded that, students’ academic lives are being hampered as a result of their continuous engagement in small scale mining activities at the expense of their schooling. The study also revealed that students always score below pass grades during the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) due to the menace caused by illegal mining activities, hence the poor academic performance. It is recommended that the Ghana Education Service, in collaboration with other stakeholders must institute strict measures to curb absenteeism in schools. This would go a long way to ensure that the pupils would attend school on a regular basis. It is also recommended that government intervention programmes such as School Feeding and Free School uniforms be made available to these children in order to keep them in school.

<b>Abstract:</b> The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of Junior High School learners in using flipped classroom model in learning Social Studies in Aowin Municipality in the western north region of Ghana. Qualitatively, descriptive survey design was used for this study. The population of the comprised junior high school students of Enchi Methodist School. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were used to select both the school and fifty (50) respondents for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of four-point Likert closed-ended statements that required learners to tick, where appropriate, their responses. The data were analysed using the SPSS software package. The data was edited, coded and analysed into frequencies, percentages with interpretations. The study concluded that, Junior High School Social Studies learners have a generally positive perception regarding the use of the flipped classroom model to learn Social Studies. This implies that, students positively respond to the use of flipped classroom as a teaching method. Since learners have a general positive perception of the use of the flipped classroom, it is recommended that teachers use the flipped classroom as a teaching method while parents are also encouraged to provide their wards with the necessary support such as phones and data to facilitate students’ learning.

The tensile strength is an imperative properties and essential indications consumers’ look out for in purchasing a quality fabric. The objective of this study was to examine key soap on tensile strength in three washing cycles of selected Printex fabrics in Ghana. Quantitatively, the study adopted both experimental and factorial research designs. Materials for the study consisted of three fabrics with black prints and white as base colour were purchased from the market. These three fabrics had the same designs but two had different fabric finishes and the third one had no finish (plain, embossed and plisse). Six yards each of the Printex black and white fabrics with embossed, plisse and a third one which did not have any special fabric finish were used for the study. Key soap purchased from the Ghanaian market, and standard soap from Ghana Standard Authority was used for the study. Purposive and simple random techniques were used to select materials for the study. The main research instrument for the testing tensile strength was Universal tensile testing machine. Data were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis formulated to guide the study. The study revealed that continuous washing had degrading effects on the tensile strength. The implication is that continuous washing weakens the internal strengths of fabrics which cause them to fail or weakens their resistance to stress test. The study also found that continuous washing had degrading effects on the tensile strength of the selected fabrics. It is recommended that the Ghana Standards Authority should encourage soap producers to get their chemical compositions as close to those of the standardised soap as possible.

This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study population covered the house masters and mistresses, students, teachers, grounds prefect and WASH coordinators in the Assin Manso, Adankwaman, Nyankomasi Ahenkro, Assin Nsuta Agric Senior High Schools in the Assin South District. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select respondents for the study. The sample size for the study was 216. Two hundred students (200) were selected from the four senior high schools in the District, that is, 50 students from each school, four (4) grounds prefects, one from each school, eight (8) house masters /mistresses, that is, two (2) from each school, and four (4) WASH coordinators one each from a school. The main tools used for the study were semi-structured questionnaires, interview guide and observation checklist. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Descriptive data were analysed qualitatively and emerging themes from the data were obtained and categorised and then interpreted through the interview guide with observation checklist digital data such as photographs were used to bring out some aspects of the schools’ surrounding. On the other hand, quantitative data were collected using questionnaire on the numbers of schools and WASH facilities, and analysed using SPSS. The study indicated that the failure of the school administration to maintain the WASH facilities will eventually lead to their breakdown, thus making it difficult for the students to use them. The study also revealed that the poor participation by the communities in the provision and maintenance of the WASH facilities stems from the fact they do not get any direct benefit from the schools. It is recommended that, in promoting WASH facilities in the schools, administrators must include maintenance of the facilities in their provision to ensure their long-term use, other than that the facilities will break down, and resources will have to be mobilized again to repair them or provide new ones. It is also recommended that, Rules and regulations concerning the use and maintenance of WASH facilities should be made by school administration and copies given to the students to guide them as they use the facilities.

The purpose of the study was to examine teachers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in leadership for learning (LfL) in Aboabo Educational Circuit (AEC) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study employed an explanatory correlational quantitative research approach. The population of the study consisted of ten (10) headmasters and forty-two (42) teachers in public Junior High Schools (JHS) of Aboabo Educational Circuit. Convenience, purposive and quota sampling techniques were used to select schools, headteachers and teachers for the study. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. Spearman’s rank order correlation was used to analyse research hypotheses 1 and 2; Wilcoxon test was also used to analyse research hypothesis 3. The study revealed that intrinsic teachers’ motivation is negatively related to Leadership for Learning within the AEC. The study also indicated that extrinsic teachers’ motivation has an insignificant positive association with Leadership for Learning within the AEC. The study also concluded that there is a significant difference between Intrinsic Teacher Motivation (ITM) and Extrinsic Teacher Motivation (ETM) in AEC. Therefore, ITM and ETM plays minimal or no role within AEC. It is recommended that the officers within AEC must not focus only on high pupils’ academic achievement at the detriment of taking appropriate steps to make classroom teaching interesting and attractive. It is also recommended that School Management Committees within AEC must in their small way do their best to boost the extrinsic motivation of teachers within the circuit.

The objective of the study was to examine the school-related factors that contribute to the academic achievements of low- social economic – status of students in the Aboom Circuit of the Cape Coast Metropolis during 2015-2016 academic years. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select teachers, schools and students. The five junior high schools (St Nicholas, St. Monica, Aboom Methodist B, Aboom Zion A and Aboom Zion C) were randomly selected from the ten schools in the circuit. A proportional allocation was used to determine and allocate the total number of students from the population to each school. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The data were entered in a pre-designed template in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 21. The data were analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation). The research hypothesis was also analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study indicated that school-related factors such as school time schedule, resources, school climate, guidance and counselling, school-parents’ relationship may significantly contribute to students’ academic achievement. It is also concluded that when the right atmosphere or conditions are created, students can perform well irrespective of their socio-economic statuses or backgrounds. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education (MOE)/Ghana Education Service (GES) in partnership with school administrators should provide adequate teaching and learning resources and facilities for effective teaching and learning at the school. It is also recommended that in other to ensure effective teaching and learning, the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ghana Education Service (GES) should collaborate to implement a class size reduction policy effectively as expected. This means that the student-to-teacher ratio should strictly be adhered to.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Subject Conception and Efficacy Beliefs on the Teaching Effectiveness of Social Studies teachers. The study focused on how teachers’ conception of Social Studies affect their sense of efficacy and ultimately their teaching effectiveness. The study adopted a non-experimental descriptive design to achieve its objective. The population for the study comprised of fifty-two (52) JHS Social Studies teachers. In this study the accessible population was the same as the target population. All the fifty-two (52) teachers teaching Social Studies in the Tano South district were used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the respondents for the study. The data for the study was collected using the observation guide, questionnaire and teacher sense of efficacy scale adapted from Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, (2001). Mean, percentages, ranges and correlation were used to analyse the data using SPSS. The findings of the study showed that majority of the Social Studies teachers conceived the subject as citizenship education. Teachers’ also rated their sense of efficacy very high. However, the study revealed that most of the Social Studies teachers teaching effectiveness was low. The low teaching effectiveness would affect the realisation of the objectives of Social Studies. Also, there exist low correlation between teacher efficacy and teaching effectiveness as well as subject conception and teaching effectiveness. The correlation between teacher efficacy and effectiveness was weak and as such it is recommended that there should be a concerted effort to update and upgrade teachers’ knowledge with strong pedagogical skills and better understanding of the task of the Social Studies teacher through workshops and short courses.

The study assessed knowledge base of food vendors’ hygiene practices in Koforidua in the eastern region of Ghana. As a descriptive survey study, fifty (50) respondents made up of food vendors were purposively and conveniently sampled respectively for the study. The data gathered was analyzed using SPSS Version 17 and converted into frequencies, percentages and tables. This study concluded that street food vendors do have relevant knowledge of hygienic food handling practices through the training they receive, but the knowledge they acquire is not put into practice. The study also revealed that effective and regular inspections by Environmental Health officers will couple stringent enforcement of all regulations governing their practices to streamline the activities of the food vendors for better health of their consumers. It is recommended that the training and certification of food vendors should be organized on a regular basis and should be designed using the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HACCP). Environmental Health Officers must conduct follow-up exercises after training programmes to ascertain whether food vendors are putting knowledge they have acquired into practice. It is also recommended that, the Metropolitan/Municipal/District environmental health officers should ensure that inspection of street food vendors are carried out effectively, efficiently and regularly so as to monitor the food handling practices of the food vendors’ right from the time of preparation to the point of sale. This is to ensure that food served to consumers is safe for consumption. Vendors who do not put the knowledge they have acquired into practice should have their certificates retrieved and signed up for retraining.