Articles

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of Beach Resorts to the development of coastal communities in the Central Region of Ghana. A mixed-method approach was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised five communities selected from two municipalities and a district in the Central Region of Ghana (Brenu Akyinim and Elmina in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abrem Municipality (KEEA), Moree in Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese District (AAK) as well as Anomabo and Ekumfi Otuam in the Mfantseman Municipal Assembly) Sample Random and Purposive sampling techniques were used to select the communities’ and respondents (Community members, Government agencies, and Resort management) for the study. The main instruments used for the study were questionnaires, Focus Group discussions and interviews. 240 questionnaires were administered, 40 by tourists and 200 by the inhabitants of the study area. Eighteen opinion leaders and management leaders in the study areas were also interviewed. The quantitative data entry and analysis were done by using the SPSS software package. The qualitative data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection from the focus group discussions. It was realized that beach Resorts are a force to reckon with because the communities benefit a lot from job creation, income, infrastructure development, improvement in aesthetics, improved sanitation and many more. Education and skill training of the youth in the coastal communities is very crucial if they are to be employed and be paid well. Some of them need foreign exposure to enlighten them about the need of foreign tourists to help manage the resort facilities very well and to make their services more competitive with beach resorts in other coastal regions in Ghana and Africa at large. It is recommended that the District Assemblies and Ghana Tourist Authority should institute policies to ensure that the education of the youth in the coastal communities (study areas) are given priority and also access to financial support be made available to the local investors. Beach resort owners should liaise with Ghana Tourism Authority and the Chiefs to establish a training institution to train and update the skill of those who work in the tourism sector.

Beaches are known for their ability to provide people with several services – these are generally referred to as ‘ecosystem services’ and they have been identified as one of the ways through which nature relates to humans. However, beaches in Nigeria are challenged by mismanagement caused by anthropogenic factors. It is expected that people will demonstrate a certain amount of dedication to protecting this ecosystem to address this issue. Sometimes, a person's commitment to conservation is based on the advantages they anticipate or are currently experiencing from the ecosystem, which are a result of their socioeconomic traits. Against this backdrop, this study captured individuals’ commitment as their Willingness to Pay (WTP) for these ecosystem services, assessed their level of awareness of the various ecosystem services provided by beaches and investigated the impact of socioeconomic factors on participants’ willingness to pay. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a total of 221 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and content analysis. The results revealed that the cultural service provided by beaches was the most common ecosystem service identified by the participants. Furthermore, most of the participants were willing to pay less than $3 for beach maintenance while the major determinants of WTP were age, household size and education. This study recommended that the government should work with other stakeholders to set up programs that would boost people’s awareness of ecosystem services provided by beaches as well as reiterate the need to maintain this ecosystem to ensure continued enjoyment of the services provided.