Articles

<b>Purpose:</b> There are specific requirements to fulfill CSR in the field of the training function, which can be deduced through a deep understanding of the meaning of CSRs (specifically, economic and ethical responsibilities). Those requirements must be included in the Electronic Training Card System (ETCS) to enable HRM in large organizations to adhere to its social responsibilities in the field of the employee training function. Therefore, this study aims to identify the needs of CSR in the field of training function and indicate how to include them in ETCS, in addition to identifying the necessary requirements for adopting of ETCS in business establishments. <b>Method:</b> The researcher adopted the following two concepts: 1) The concept of optimal use of economic resources (corporate economic responsibility); 2) The concept of fair opportunities for all (corporate ethical responsibility) in describing and specifying the items of criteria for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of HRM in performing its job duties in the field of training. To design ETCS and include those requirements ″ items″ in it, the researcher relied on his diligence and skill in the field of designing electronic systems. <b>Results:</b> The study identified items of criteria for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of HRM in performing its job duties in the field of training in a manner consistent with the requirements of CSR. The study was also able to design ETCS that will enable HRM to fulfill the requirements of CSR in employee training and determine the requirements for its application in institutions. <b>Originality/Value:</b> According to the researcher's vision, ETCS proposed in this study will enable HRMs in business institutions to adhere to their CSRs in the field of employee training- especially economic and ethical, because of its harmonious design with CSRs requirements.

<b>Purpose</b>: The model of CSR devised by the American scientist ″Archie B. Carroll in 1991″ - which became well- known in academic circles as Carroll′s CSR pyramid, has been criticized by academics and researchers. The researcher firmly believes that one of the most important reasons that led to the emergence of these criticisms was Carroll's adoption of the idea of the pyramid as a form to illustrate his idea of CSR. The content of the pyramid does not match the accompanying explanations given by Carroll. Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the concept of simultaneous CSRs. Also, Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. It is also noted that, Carroll's pyramid reflects the expectations of stakeholders and does not reflect the expectations of companies from their commitment to their social responsibilities. This study aimed to design a model for CSR, in which the content of its figure matches the explanations attached to it, and reflects the concept of simultaneous CSRs, in addition to the logical interaction and the interrelationship among those responsibilities. <b>Method</b>: The researcher used the concept of precedence as an approach to explain the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. The idea of precedence is clearly found only in the railway industry. The interaction of CSRs with each other can be likened to the interaction of the components of a classic train (a cockpit and coaches). Therefore, the researcher adopted the idea of the classic train as an innovative model to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll ′s pyramid. Battal's CSR train as an innovative model- in this study, can reflect the notion of simultaneous CSRs, the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs, and expectations and aspirations of both stakeholders and companies. <b>Result</b>: By adopting the idea of the classic train work and its components, this study was able to produce a model of CSR as an alternative model for Carroll′s pyramid (1991). <b>Originality</b>/<b>Value</b>: Battal ′s CSR train is an educational model that is designed to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll's CSR pyramid "as a figure and content." The content of Battal′s CSR train matches the attached explanation, and this will help to understand how CSRs interact with each other, as well as the concept of simultaneous CSRs. It is an enrichment of the thought of CSR.