Articles

The purpose of this article was to look into Saudi anti-fraud legislation and regulations in order to see how consistent the Kingdom's legal system, which is predominantly found on Islamic principles, is with a wide range of criminal and economic infractions. The main laws relating to fraud were described, and numerous types of fraud were examined, in order to attain this purpose. The discourse also necessitated an examination of the Islamic perspective on deception and fraud. The analysis revealed that Shariah law, which is concerned with property protection, incriminates and punishes individuals who obtain wealth by illegal methods, the nature of the sanctions, however, is left to the discretion of rulers and judges. Based on this, Saudi legislators have enacted a set of anti-fraud measures. These laws were examined to see how well they addressed economic crimes in the Kingdom. Anti-fraud legislation establishes a legal and regulatory framework compatible with Islamic Shariah for dealing with fraud and economic crimes, with the goal of protecting the public interest, maintaining integrity, and regulating the Kingdom's economy. The primary goal of this study is to explore the challenges and risks associated with enforcing anti-fraud laws in the context of Islamic justice principles. In this study, a descriptive research design was adopted. The key objective of this study is to determine the nature of the problem and analyze the evidence collected. Because of the lack of secondary data and the rigorous restrictions governing the reporting of fraud incidents in Saudi Arabian financial institutions. The study's hypotheses could not be tested substantively because all assumptions concerning the research findings are far-fetched.

Human life and survival on Earth depend on the exploitation of diverse resources, including water. Improper use of environmental resources will lead to pollution and destruction. As one of the most sensitive areas of the environment to which human life depends, water is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. The protection of the health of water resources has created the need for intervention and the use of legal and criminal solutions in organizing their use. Domestic penal policy in the field of legislation, inspired by the provisions of Sharia law, along with local and national considerations for the protection of water resources, has directly and indirectly affected the requirements of accession to international instruments and has enacted regulations on the protection of small water resources.

Today, non-governmental actors play an important role in the national and international arena. The geographical diversity of their field of activity and their different functions have made it impossible for government actors to be indifferent to the role of these new actors. NGOs act as “rival” or “partner” governments. In human rights, these organizations are more of a rival to governments; While on health, development, and the environment, they are considered more as partners of governments. In the Iranian legal system, the active role of these organizations in terms of environmental protection is undeniable; But there are still many gaps in the reaction phase; Appropriate conditions must be provided for the active participation of these actors in environmental litigation; In such a way that they can achieve their desired position in criminal proceedings as quasi-prosecutors.