Articles

The processes of technical and technological development are unequivocally linked to increasing energy consumption, with a significant portion of energy being produced from fossil fuels worldwide. The reserves of natural energy sources such as petroleum, gas, coal, and turf are finite. The transition to renewable energy sources has been ongoing for a long time, but share in global energy consumption remains lower than desired. The main limitations include limited availability, inability to operate continuously throughout the year, high costs, and a lack of materials and devices capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures. The goal of our research is to create a device that generates electricity using a new type of renewable energy source based on the thermal expansion and contraction of materials. This paper presents the construction, details, and working principles of the new device. The primary focus is on utilizing materials and components that are readily available. The proposed method has own advantages, addresses some of the aforementioned limitations, and can be particularly beneficial for providing electrical energy in remote areas. Calculations indicate that the device built using this new method will be competitive with appliances that utilize other renewable energy sources in terms of features and efficiency.

Due to its geographical location, Iran has numerous capacities in renewable energy, and this issue has made the need to develop renewable energy on the authorities’ agenda. This underscores the need to provide an optimal model for developing renewable energy. Therefore, in this study, the main purpose was to provide an optimal renewable energy model. In line with this goal, by choosing the cost function as the objective function and considering the potential constraints of renewable energy (resource constraints), the amount of electricity consumption in each of the 16 electricity regions (demand constraint) and the limitation of renewable energy production coefficient (Technical constraints), the optimal model of renewable energy use was designed and solved using a solid programming model in LINGO software. The optimal model results show 15.19% small hydropower, 24.30% wind energy, 5.52% biomass energy, 6.13% is geothermal energy, 4.79% is tidal energy, and 44.07% solar energy. The optimum portfolio of renewable energy is estimated in this paper using the robust optimization approach. The results showed which renewable technology has the greater potential to take more share of the energy portfolio. The results of this investigation help policymakers to choose the most suitable renewable technologies to support.