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Extracurricular activities and academic performance are connected in every aspect of the education system. Daffodil International University is one of the top universities in Bangladesh that focuses on student improvement through extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities help students improve skills like leadership, teamwork, and analytical abilities. Do extracurricular activities help English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students improve their academic performance? This evaluation aims to find out this question among Daffodil International University students. The study focused on both qualitative and quantitative data. Therefore, the data analysis followed a mixed method. The quantitative data focused on the students' participation in extracurricular activities. Respectively, the comparison between their participation and EFL course improvement. On the other hand, the qualitative data focused on the interviewee's experience. However, it's been proven that though extracurricular activities help students improve their other soft skills, they actually don't have as much impact on improving their EFL course curriculum performance.

This integrative literature review aims to explore the pivotal role of dignity and respect in maternity care, focusing on their profound impact on the experiences of pregnant individuals. Emphasis is placed on cultural competence as a crucial factor in fostering understanding and respect for diverse backgrounds, promoting inclusive approaches to maternal care. The overarching goal is to underscore the significance of dignified and respectful care in enhancing maternal satisfaction, postpartum outcomes, and overall well-being. <b>Methods:</b> The review synthesizes existing literature (n=22) on maternity care, dignity, and respect, drawing insights from diverse sources to comprehensively analyze the multifaceted nature of this critical healthcare aspect. Cultural competence is explored as a key theme in understanding and appreciating the varied backgrounds of pregnant individuals. The analysis encompasses factors such as effective communication, healthcare provider attitudes, cultural competence, informed consent, and systemic considerations, shedding light on their collective influence on dignity and respect in maternity care. <b>Principal Findings:</b> The literature review reveals that providing dignified and respectful care significantly contributes to improving maternal satisfaction and postpartum outcomes. Cultural competence emerges as a crucial element, ensuring that care approaches are inclusive and tailored to diverse cultural backgrounds. Effective communication, positive healthcare provider attitudes, and considerations for systemic factors are identified as key determinants of the dignity and respect experienced by pregnant individuals. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of these factors in shaping the overall quality of maternity care. <b>Practical Applications:</b> Recommendations stemming from the literature review include interventions aimed at enhancing healthcare providers' communication skills, cultural competence training, and the promotion of patient-centered care models. Acknowledging the systemic factors influencing maternity care, the review calls for collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers to create an environment that upholds pregnant individuals' autonomy and values. The practical applications emphasize the need for comprehensive and culturally sensitive approaches to ensure that all pregnant individuals receive dignified and respectful care. In summary, this integrative literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of the critical role of dignity and respect in maternity care, offering insights into effective strategies for improvement and emphasizing the importance of cultural competence and collaborative efforts in shaping the future of maternal healthcare.

<b>Background</b>: By rediscovering the medical field spiritual foundation, clinicians sought to balance their care and realize that spirituality is frequently associated with healthcare, thus one’s spiritual beliefs influence patients' decisions between aggressive care and complementary therapies in oncology care. <b>Aim:</b> This study investigates clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of spirituality in oncology care that clinicians can utilize to improve cancer and spiritual care provision. <b>Methods:</b> A thematic, qualitative synthesis. <b>Results:</b> Four main themes emerged from the synthesis of the 11 included studies that can steer future framework and policies to make clinicians more inept in providing care to address spiritual well-being of the patients and their family from a clinician's point of view of spirituality: “Maintaining Hope and Spiritual Wellness, Clinician’s Sensitivity to Cancer Patients, Provision of Culturally Respectful Spiritual Care, and Education in Providing Spiritual Care”. <b>Conclusion:</b> Cancer patients, cancer survivors, and clinicians’ quality of life is correlated with measures of spirituality and spiritual well-being. Spirituality also fulfill these oncologic patients has been linked to improved emotional and spiritual adjustment. <b>Implications:</b> Clinicians with different proficiencies, novice or expert, develop a strong spiritual belief can also be a strength when it comes to caring for those terminally ill patients, to be able to aid them in their sufferings. Amidst the challenges of spiritual care, these clinicians provide a patient strategy approach that is holistic to the care.

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Horticulture Department, University for Development Studies (UDS), Nyankpala campus with the aim of determining the response of three cucumber cultivars (Marketer, Nandini, Pointset) to the application of sulphate of ammonia as top dressing with respect to fruit yield, and shelf life. It was a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was collected on total fruit yield, shelf life and percentage fruit decay in storage. Their effect on the varieties differed significantly to a varying degree. The factors, however, had no significant impact and caused no difference in the fruit yield and fruit weight. 15:15:15 NPK effect on the cucumbers caused a high decay incidence when applied alone or in combination with (NH₄)₂SO₄. Therefore, the application rate may be revised or reduced to experiment if decay incidence would decline in storage. Further studies may extensively be carried out to note if varying the rate of NPK would impact positively on the shelf life of cucumber. (NH₄)₂SO₄ effect increased weight loss in cucumbers hence, better storage techniques should be considered by controlling high temperatures. Complete fertilizer; 15:15:15 NPK and (NH₄)₂SO₄ had a positive impact on protein and fibre. Hence, their application is recommended for increasing protein and fibre level in cucumbers.