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19 pages 2904 KB

Development of an Improved Solid Waste Collection System using Smart Sensors

Promise Elechi, Sunny Orike, Augusta Ogonda Igbudu

World Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1(1); 10.31586/wjeee.2021.151 - October 27, 2021

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Abstract

Waste collection system has become a challenging task, occasioned by the overflowing garbage bins littered all over the environment, causing environmental hazard and further leading to incurable diseases which endanger life. The present-day waste collection system has proven to be inefficient, taking into consideration the advancement in the technologies on the rise in recent years as well as the continuous increase in population growth. As a result of this inefficiency observed, this work developed a model for electronic waste collection system in a telecommunication driven environment. In the system's implementation, PIC18F4620 based instrumentation, integrated with proximity sensor for external monitoring and level sensors for internal monitoring was adopted, while the controlling of the opening and closing of the cabins was implemented using a smart switching board. A remote reporting to the waste management authority so as to systematically plan route-map for garbage collection when the waste cabin is fully filled was done by deploying a 900MHz transmitter interfaced with the system’s controller. The result shows that with this model the waste cabin opens only on account of a user approaching the sensing distance of the system and the cabin is not filled. But when the cabin gets filled and a user approaches the sensing distance of the system, it directs the user to use the nearest waste cabin by displaying a message on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), while communicating with relevant authority for the evacuation of the cabin via SMS. It was obviously seen that the automation incorporated into the system had zero impact on the success rate of the system or system availability while introducing a latency of 5.6seconds, which is just 28.0% of the maximum allowable latency of this kind of system, while protecting the environment from environmental pollution and spread of diseases. This work highlights the potentials of (EWCS) Electronic Waste Collection System in monitoring and controlling waste disposal for healthy and clean environment.

Figure 1. Power Supply.

Figure 2. Block Diagram of a Solid Waste Collection System.

Figure 3. Schematic Diagram Showing the PIR Sensor Interfaced to the Microcontroller.

Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of the PIC Microcontroller Interfaced with the DC Motor.

Figure 5. Schematic Diagram of the Microcontroller Interfaced with the two LDR Sensors.

Figure 6. Schematic Diagram Showing how the LCD was Interfaced with the Microcontroller.

Figure 7. Circuit Schematic Diagram of the Smart Waste Collection System.

Figure 8. Flowchart of the Smart Solid Waste Collection System.

Figure 9. Proteus Simulation of the System Showing its Initialization Mode.

Figure 10. Image View of the Output Unit Displaying the Current Status of the System.

Figure 11. Circuit Simulations Showing the Reaction of the System.

Figure 12. Circuit Simulation of the System Showing its Current Status.

Figure 13. Circuit Simulation showing the Current Status of the System.

Figure 14. Circuit Simulation of the Current Status of the System.

Figure 15. The Graphical Representation of the Latency Experienced at every Successful Waste Bin Opening.

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