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Antimicrobial Resistance, Bacterial Pathogens, and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Hospital-Acquired Infections in Erbil City, Iraq
World Journal of Medical Microbiology
| Vol 5, Issue 1
Table 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile (%) ofBacterial Isolates from Hospital-Acquired Infections
| Antibiotic | E. coli | K. pneumonia | S. aureus | P. aeruginosa | A. baumannii | E. cloacae | P. mirabilis |
| Ampicillin | 88% | 92% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 95% | 82% |
| Amox/Clav | 75% | 80% | 85% | 90% | 95% | 78% | 70% |
| Cefazolin | 78% | 85% | 90% | 88% | 92% | 80% | 74% |
| Cefuroxime | 70% | 78% | 88% | 85% | 90% | 72% | 65% |
| Ceftriaxone | 65% | 75% | 85% | 80% | 88% | 68% | 60% |
| Ceftazidime | 60% | 70% | 80% | 75% | 85% | 65% | 55% |
| Cefepime | 35% | 45% | 60% | 55% | 70% | 40% | 30% |
| Pip/Tazo | 30% | 40% | 55% | 50% | 65% | 35% | 25% |
| Imipenem | 18% | 25% | 5% | 30% | 55% | 22% | 15% |
| Meropenem | 15% | 20% | 5% | 28% | 50% | 18% | 12% |
| Amikacin | 20% | 30% | 10% | 35% | 40% | 22% | 18% |
| Gentamicin | 45% | 55% | 40% | 50% | 65% | 48% | 42% |
| Ciprofloxacin | 60% | 70% | 45% | 65% | 75% | 62% | 55% |
| Levofloxacin | 55% | 65% | 40% | 60% | 70% | 58% | 50% |
| TMP/SMX | 70% | 78% | 50% | 75% | 85% | 72% | 68% |
| Colistin | 2% | 5% | — | 10% | 25% | 8% | 6% |
Amox/Clav = Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid; Pip/Tazo = Piperacillin/Tazobactam; TMP/SMX = Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole; — = Not applicable (intrinsic resistance or not testable). Chi-square, p < 0.001 for inter-species resistance differences.