Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences

Volume 1, Number 2, 2021

Open Access October 7, 2021 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Estimation of Clear Sky Normal Irradiance Over Northern Nigeria Atmosphere

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1(2), 96-107. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2021.123
Abstract
Energy from the sun is an ideal new energy source for power systems, in a context of sustainable development, enthusiasm for concentrated solar power technologies is developing. Accurate estimation of clear-sky radiation is needed in many engineering, architectural and agricultural applications in order to integrate solar energy into the power
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Energy from the sun is an ideal new energy source for power systems, in a context of sustainable development, enthusiasm for concentrated solar power technologies is developing. Accurate estimation of clear-sky radiation is needed in many engineering, architectural and agricultural applications in order to integrate solar energy into the power grid. An evaluation of the irradiance input to solar power systems is required in many applications. Clear-sky models represent the maximum input of solar power systems, which is especially useful for forecasting solar irradiance and numerical weather prediction. This work examined the application of Yang model to estimate the monthly mean clear sky normal irradiance for northern Nigeria using meteorological variables like temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation considering the shading effect of the complex topography of terrain in Norther region of Nigeria, also to know the variation of beam radiation and diffuse radiation among the selected stations and also to ascertain the significance of aerosols, water vapor, and other transmittances in the estimation of the beam and diffuse radiation in the northern atmosphere. The modeling was computed using monthly mean maximum temperature and relative humidity gotten from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for the period of fourteen years (1983-1997. The beam and diffuse irradiance for the northern atmosphere is compared by estimating their mean and standard deviation. Also, detailed information about the trend of radiation in each of the selected states in the northern hemisphere of Nigeria was obtained using a graphical method of data analysis. Result reveals that the value of beam and diffused radiation getting to the earth's surface depends on the aerosols, water vapour, atmospheric Ozone, gas transmittance and Rayleigh scattering. From the result above, the maximum beam radiation and the minimum diffused radiation occur during the raining season and the minimum beam radiation and maximum diffuse radiation occur during the dry season. This is due to the variations of these atmospheric constituents (aerosols, water vapour, atmospheric Ozone, gas transmittance and Rayleigh scattering) in the northern atmosphere on these seasons.Full article
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Open Access August 25, 2021 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

The Extent of the Researcher's Liability for Environmental Damage Caused by Academic Research

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1(2), 71-81. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2021.098
Abstract
The right to the environment and the research right are human rights that must be protected. The right of individuals to a healthy environment is part of the human rights that are increasingly threatened by human activities. This right is a prominent example of solidarity rights and a prerequisite for
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The right to the environment and the research right are human rights that must be protected. The right of individuals to a healthy environment is part of the human rights that are increasingly threatened by human activities. This right is a prominent example of solidarity rights and a prerequisite for realizing many human rights. Exercising this right requires a level of development that provides the basis for further environmental degradation. The activities of academic researchers in the direction of progress and development can pave the way for environmental damage. This article discusses when a researcher causes harm in conducting academic research. The need to compensate and support the researcher in conducting their research contrasts these two rights; Therefore, it is necessary to look for ways of compensation that make possible the simultaneous protection of these two rights. Because according to Article 21 of the Stockholm Declaration and Article 2 of the Rio Declaration, governments are responsible for ensuring that their activities do not lead to environmental damage. The key role of governments in resolving this conflict and helping to promote academic research, reducing harm, and trying to prevent this kind of harm is obvious. In this article, we intend to resolve this conflict by examining the principles of human rights, the right to research, and the right to the environment and to examine Iran’s legal approach in this regard.Full article
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Open Access October 27, 2021 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Comparison of Weak and Strong Theories of Environmental Sustainability in the Conceptual Context of Sustainable Development

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1(2), 108-122. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2021.144
Abstract
Ever since the idea of sustainable development was proposed, how to achieve it has always been the focus of researchers and policymakers. At the same time, in the letters of sustainable development, two approaches of weak sustainability and strong sustainability have been mentioned; Two approaches with different assumptions suggest different
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Ever since the idea of sustainable development was proposed, how to achieve it has always been the focus of researchers and policymakers. At the same time, in the letters of sustainable development, two approaches of weak sustainability and strong sustainability have been mentioned; Two approaches with different assumptions suggest different policies and will have different consequences. On the other hand, with the increase of environmental concerns in recent decades, the concept of natural capital and physical, human, and social capital has been added to the common literature of economics. Recently, with the collection of data related to the natural capital of nations by the World Bank, the possibility of statistical studies in this field has been provided. In the form of several regression models and at the international level, the present study will analyze the most fundamental difference between the two approaches of weak sustainability and strong sustainability, i.e., the possibility or impossibility of replacing physical capital instead of natural capital. The study results show that natural capital has a direct, positive, and independent role in explaining sustainable development indicators. Even the addition of physical, human, and social capital indicators does not threaten the significant coefficient of natural capital. Therefore, it can be concluded that under the assumption of a strong sustainability model, other types of capital can not replace natural capital.Full article
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Open Access August 25, 2021 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Green Victimology View in Iranian Criminology System

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1(2), 82-95. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2021.101
Abstract
Green or environmental victimology is one of the branches of green criminology that emerged in the 1990s with the criminal justice system’s critical origins instead of conventional victimology. In contrast, green victimology believes that human beings can be green victims alongside nature. By following the rules of Iran’s legislative penal
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Green or environmental victimology is one of the branches of green criminology that emerged in the 1990s with the criminal justice system’s critical origins instead of conventional victimology. In contrast, green victimology believes that human beings can be green victims alongside nature. By following the rules of Iran’s legislative penal policy, green victims can be divided into living and inanimate categories. Living green victims are people, animals, trees, plants, and inanimate green victims divided into air, water, soil, and earth. Although the Iranian legal system considers both groups as green victims and is therefore influenced by a nature-oriented approach, many challenges support them in these regulations, and portraying them can play a valuable role in identifying and protecting them. Green victims play. Therefore, in this study, the first goal is to identify green victims, and the second goal is to express the extent of the legislator’s support for green victims and the challenges it faces.Full article
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Open Access October 20, 2021 Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Allometric Models for Predicting Biomass and Carbon Pools of Boscia Senegalensis(Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir. (Capparaceae) Popula-tions in Central Africa: A Case Study from Cameroon

Research Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2021, 1(2), 123-146. DOI: 10.31586/rjees.2021.156
Abstract
Accurate estimates of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) are essential for estimating carbon (C) balances at various geographical scales and formulating effective climate change mitigation programs. This study aimed to formulate specific allometric equations and carbon stock for B. senegalensis in Cameroon. Destructive sampling technique was used for
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Accurate estimates of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) are essential for estimating carbon (C) balances at various geographical scales and formulating effective climate change mitigation programs. This study aimed to formulate specific allometric equations and carbon stock for B. senegalensis in Cameroon. Destructive sampling technique was used for harvesting and weighing the biomass of 40 individual trees. Allometric models were developed using biomass as dependent variable and tree dendrometric parameters as independent variables. The best models selected based with Adjusted coefficients of determination (Adj.R2), residual standard error (RSE) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were: ln (leaf biomass) = 0.08 + 0.31*ln (D2×H×ρ); ln (branch biomass) = 0.14 + 0.65*ln (D²×H×ρ); ln (stem biomass) = 2.03 + 1.32*ln (D²×H); ln (AGB) = 4.55 + 2.85*ln(D) and ln (BGB) =3.04 + 1.64*ln(D). The belowground biomass of B. senegalensis represents on average 25 % of the total aboveground biomass. Aboveground carbon ranged between 7.09 ± 0.42- 9.01 ± 0.50 tC/ha; Belowground carbon ranged between 4.37 ± 0.26 - 7.11 ± 0.35 tC/ha; litter carbon ranged between 0.50 ± 0.02 - 0.95 ± 0.04 tC/ha; herbaceous carbon ranged between 1.05 ± 0.28 - 1.86 ± 0.20 tC/ha ; dead wood carbon ranged between 3.03 ± 0.40 - 8.98 ± 0.44 tC/ha; Soil Organic Carbon Stock varies between4.33 ± 0.79 - 6.14 ± 1.05 tC/ha ;Total carbon were 33.24 ± 4.28;27.40 ± 3.35;27.27 ± 3.27and 21.18 ± 3.00 tC/ha in site 3, site 2, site 1 and site 4 respectively.The specific allometric equation developed for B. senegalensis can be used in similar Sudano-Sahelian savannas to implement activities to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) for the benefit of local carbon trading communities.Full article
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ISSN: 2770-5536
DOI prefix: 10.31586/rjees
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