The study aimed to assess the impact of off-season vegetable farming on farmers in the Savelugu Municipality in the Northern Region. The study population consisted of all respondents to off-season vegetable farming in the Savelugu Municipality in the five selected communities in the Northern Region. A purposive sampling technique was used for a sample size of fifty (50) off-season farmers in the selected communities. An interview guide and questionnaire were used to solicit data to conclude the findings. The data derived from the questionnaire were analysed in a step-by-step thematic analysis that included reading the transcriptions several times, coding, generating codes, and reviewing and naming themes. Afterwards, the questionnaire and interview guide responses were transferred into Microsoft Excel under assigned variable names. Descriptive statistics, namely frequency, means, and percentages, were used to analyse the data. Off-season vegetable production technology can be gained by using different agro-climatic regions, maintaining or adjusting planting time, selecting varieties, and creating artificial and controlled environments through tunnels, polytene houses, glass houses, hotbeds, etc. Moreover, Off-Season vegetables helped earn income and ranked highest with an overall mean score of 1. Nearly all the trained farmers said their primary constraint was the high incidence of pests and diseases. It is evident that off-season cultivation is profitable and significantly impacts the farmers' consumption expenditure and food security status. Therefore, providing improved and modern agricultural inputs to off-season farmers is essential for rural agricultural development.

In Central Africa, mushrooms are critically important non-timber forest products (NTFPs), both nutritionally and economically. A strain of edible and medicinal lignicolous fungus, Pleurotus tuber-regium (Rumph. ex Fr.) Singer 1951 (strain 190212), isolated from tissue (sclerotia), on PDA medium, was tested on corn grain and sawdust seedling substrates and on palm oil male inflorescence (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), ground corn (Zea mays L) stalks and grass (Paspalum notatum L) soaked for 24 hrs then drained for 24 hours, and unsoaked ground corn (Zea mays L) stalks. The highest mycelial growth rate recorded was about 0.9 cm on the PDA medium; 5.97 cm on the corn-based seedling medium and 11.95 cm on the sawdust-based seedling medium. Total mycelial invasion on the PDA medium was observed on day 10, day 14 on the corn-based seedling medium, and day 24 on the sawdust-based seedling medium. The onset of mycelial invasion was noticeable on day 3 of seeding for all treatments T₀ (control), T₁ (Final substrate based on soaked ground corn stalks), T₂ (Final substrate based on unsoaked ground corn stalks), and T₃ (Final substrate based on turf). Total invasion of mycelium was obtained at day 15 of incubation for treatments T₁ and T₂, at day 18 for treatment T3 and at day 24 for treatment T0. The results obtained on treatments T₁ and T₂ respectively (14.95±3.12% and 15.65±1.06%) of the maize stalk substrate, lead us to believe that the strain 190212 of Pleurotus tuber-regium species used has adapted and requires an improvement of the medium with nitrogen-rich additives such as soybean meal. This could achieve the theoretical yield of 20% or more, according to which a substrate can be considered better in producing sporophores.

The present study aimed to verify the floristic composition in two distinct areas: reforestation with Eucalyptus and degraded area subjected to fire. Plots of 0.5 m x 0.5 m were demarcated, distributed in transect in the two analyzed areas, were carried out. The analyzed aspects were the following: plant species variability, fresh mass, dry mass and litter. The results showed that the cultivation with eucalyptus was the one with the highest amount of plant species, reaching the number of 17 species, while in the degraded area 11 different species were found. In terms of fresh and dry mass, there was no observed difference between areas. In relation to litter, the cultivation with eucalyptus had the highest weight. It is concluded that the cultivation with eucalyptus showed the highest number of plant species and amount of litter; as for the fresh and dry mass, there were an equivalence in the results of the two areas.