Blacks’ Diminished Returns of Parental Education on Household Income: A Study of College Students in the US

Open Journal of Educational Research | Vol 4, Issue 4

Table 1. Descriptive data of White and Blackstudents

	White		Black
n	%	n	%
Gender
Female	1222726	55.8	26401	59.7
Male	968817	44.2	17789	40.3
Age
16 or younger	4309	0.2	132	0.3
17	94138	4.3	1782	4.0
18	1416862	64.7	30609	69.3
19	444924	20.3	9062	20.5
20	88084	4.0	1130	2.6
21 or older	53630	2.4	294	0.7
22 to 24	60671	2.8	813	1.8
25 to 29	15879	0.7	198	0.4
30 to 39	9735	0.4	79	0.2
40 to 54	2960	0.1	28	0.1
16 or younger	351	0.0	63	0.1
Year
1966	16219	0.7	0	0.0
1967	21310	1.0	0	0.0
1968	23100	1.1	0	0
1969	20929	1.0	0	0
1970	22366	1.0	0	0
1971	29941	1.4	199	0.5
1972	35081	1.6	297	0.7
1973	36637	1.7	216	0.5
1974	38688	1.8	295	0.7
1975	39765	1.8	374	0.8
1976	40804	1.9	248	0.6
1977	38869	1.8	240	0.5
1978	37271	1.7	266	0.6
1979	38492	1.8	275	0.6
1980	37565	1.7	256	0.6
1981	34917	1.6	252	0.6
1982	29432	1.3	291	0.7
1983	27413	1.3	267	0.6
1984	33522	1.5	289	0.7
1985	32795	1.5	390	0.9
1986	35027	1.6	381	0.9
1987	37124	1.7	519	1.2
1988	45626	2.1	559	1.3
1989	43712	2.0	577	1.3
1990	43962	2.0	485	1.1
1991	49899	2.3	665	1.5
1992	50567	2.3	718	1.6
1993	51879	2.4	819	1.9
1994	58555	2.7	1094	2.5
1995	54497	2.5	1135	2.6
1996	59523	2.7	1332	3.0
1997	60116	2.7	1764	4.0
1998	66694	3.0	1751	4.0
1999	69574	3.2	1878	4.2
2000	79873	3.6	2108	4.8
2001	83830	3.8	1433	3.2
2002	81941	3.7	1543	3.5
2003	78496	3.6	1705	3.9
2004	84811	3.9	2674	6.1
2005	74095	3.4	2361	5.3
2006	76242	3.5	3064	6.9
2007	74098	3.4	2941	6.7
2008	72594	3.3	2884	6.5
2009	62878	2.9	2735	6.2
2010	60814	2.8	2910	6.6
Parental Education
1: Junior High	150490	6.9	1053	2.4
2: Some High School	211102	9.6	1228	2.8
3: High School Graduate	423434	19.3	5514	12.5
4: Post Secondary School Other than College	76944	3.5	1495	3.4
5: Some College	349976	16.0	8557	19.4
6: College Degree	460320	21.0	11702	26.5
7: Some Graduate	55121	2.5	1839	4.2
8: Graduate Degree	464156	21.2	12802	29.0
Income (Unadjusted for CPI)
Less than $6,000	246064	11.2	1514	3.4
$6000-$9999	171707	7.8	996	2.3
Less than $10,000	54926	2.5	1547	3.5
$10,000-$14,999	224835	10.3	2411	5.5
$15,000-$19,999	149900	6.8	1988	4.5
$20,000-$24,999	156799	7.2	2688	6.1
$25,000-$29,999	123483	5.6	2436	5.5
$30,000 or more	1933	0.1	0	0.0
$30,000-$34,999	37768	1.7	465	1.1
$30,000-$39,999	140926	6.4	3745	8.5
$35,000-$39,999	29732	1.4	406	0.9
$40,000 or more	594	0.0	15	0.0
$40,000-$49,999	160385	7.3	4038	9.1
$50,000 or more	4894	0.2	154	0.3
$50,000-$59,999	132825	6.1	3691	8.4
$50,000-$99,999	12122	0.6	164	0.4
$60,000-$74,999	144823	6.6	4554	10.3
$75,000-$99,999'	138808	6.3	4624	10.5
$100,000 or more	4154	0.2	102	0.2
$100,000-$149,999	129858	5.9	4334	9.8
$150,000 or more	8261	0.4	208	0.5
$150,000-$199,999	47455	2.2	1704	3.9
$200,000 or more	27239	1.2	671	1.5
$200,000-$249,999	14908	0.7	605	1.4
$250,000 or more	27144	1.2	1130	2.6