Pooled prevalence and contextual determinants of contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in The Gambia: Evidence from 2013 – 2020 Demographic Health Surveys

Variables

GDHS 2013-2019/20 pooled data

GDHS 2019/20 only

Traditional vs no contraceptive

Modern vs no contraception

Traditional vs no contraceptive

Modern vs no contraception

aOR (95%CI)

aOR (95%CI)

aOR (95%CI)

aOR (95%CI)

Age

15-19

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

20-24

1.01(0.49-2.32)

1.49(0.99-2.09)

1.15(0.47-2.82)

1.49(0.97-2.31)

25-29

0.68(0.29-1.59)

1.67(1.14-2.45)*

0.75(0.28-1.97)

1.49(0.95-2.32)

30-34

0.55(0.20-1.47)

2.12(1.41-3.21)*

0.45(0.14-1.42)

1.84(1.13-2.98)*

35-39

0.83(0.29-2.35)

1.91(1.23-2.94)*

0.79(0.24-2.65)

1.53(0.91-2.55)

40-44

0.58(0.17-2.03)

1.89(1.18-3.05)*

0.65(0.15-2.71)

1.55(0.89-2.71)

45-49

0.73(0.17-3.24)

1.61(0.92-2.83)

1.04(0.20-5.28)

1.00(0.51-1.98)

Residence

Rural (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Urban

1.96(1.23-3.13)*

1.49(1.25-1.79)*

1.99(1.14-3.48)*

1.23(0.99-1.54)

Education

No education (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Primary

1.96(1.28-3.01)*

1.25(1.05-1.49)*

1.90(1.12-3.15)*

1.09(0.89-1.35)

Secondary

1.23(0.76-1.98)

1.57(1.32-1.85)*

1.37(0.79-2.36)

1.27(1.04-1.56)*

Higher

2.76(1.15-6.59)*

1.90(1.34-12.69)*

2.81(0.99-7.96)

1.31(0.83-2.09)

Religion

Christianity

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Islam

0.33(0.13-0.82)*

0.74(0.48-1.13)

0.43(0.12-1.54)

0.63(0.35-1.14)

Wealth Index

Poorest (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Poorer

0.94(0.58-1.52)

0.76(0.63-0.91)*

0.87(0.48-1.56)

0.79(0.64-0.99)*

Middle

0.64(0.36-1.13)

0.74(0.59-0.91)*

0.61(0.30-1.22)

0.82(0.63-1.06)

Richer

0.63(0.33-1.19)

0.89(0.69-1.13)

0.64(0.29-1.39)

1.09(0.81-1.48)

Richest

0.49(0.23-1.06)

0.96(0.74-1.26)

0.42(0.16-1.09)

0.95(0.67-1.34)

Parity

1-2 (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

2 - 4

1.38(0.83-2.28)

1.21(1.01-1.47)*

1.32(0.74-2.37)

1.20(0.95-1.52)

5 & above

1.13(0.55-2.35)

1.12(0.89-1.49)

1.24(0.52-2.94)

1.27(0.93-1.74)

Heard FP on radio last few months

No (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.82(0.53-1.26)

0.95(0.81-1.09)

1.08(0.66-1.78)

1.07(0.89-1.29)

Heard FP on TV last few months

No (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.93(0.53-1.63)

1.19(0.97-1.44)

0.95(0.54-1.93)

1.25(0.99-1.56)

Heard FP in newspaper/magazine last few months

No (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.36(0.05-2.76)

1.00(0.64-1.59)

0.74(0.36-1.54)

Told about FP at health facility

No (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.48(1.02-2.14)*

2.97(2.61-3.38)*

1.10(0.72-1.68)

2.31(1.98-2.69)*

Covered by health insurance

No (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

2.32(0.95-5.98)

1.29(0.86-1.93)

1.62(0.46-5.70)

1.22(0.71-2.08)

Marital status

Not currently married (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Currently married/living with partner

4.88(1.50-15.65)*

1.01(0.79-1.29)

4.82(1.14-20.39)*

1.23(1.06-1.44)*

Sexual debut

Less than 18years (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

18 -24years

1.35(0.91-1.99)

0.97(0.84-1.12)

1.22(0.78-1.94)

0.95(0.80-1.13)

25 years and above

1.00(0.38-2.67)

0.90(0.65-1.26)

1.39(0.47-4.13)

1.29(0.86-1.93)

Desire for more children

No more children (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Undecided

0.49(0.12-2.05)

0.82(0.55-1.22)

0.58(0.14-2.47)

0.82(0.52-1.29)

More children?

1.24(0.68-2.28)

1.96(1.62-2.37)*

1.05(0.50-2.21)

2.11(1.68-2.66)*

Work Status

Not working (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Working

1.43(1.03-2.05)*

1.35(1.19-1.54)*

1.18(0.77-1.79)

1.23(1.06-1.44)*

Place of delivery

Home (Ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Government facility

1.52(0.96-2.42)

1.79(1.51-2.13)*

1.44(0.77-2.72)

1.31(1.06-1.63)*

Private facility

1.77(0.22-14.34)

0.84(0.32-2.25)

-

Others

2.16(0.49-9.49)

2.29(1.26-4.17)*

1.74(0.37-8.09)

1.00(0.72-1.39)