Biological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Periodontal Bone Regeneration
Table 2. Molecular mechanism ofgrowth factor released by PRP on periodontal bone regeneration
| Key Growth factors | Cell membrane receptor | Molecular mechanism |
| PDGF[63-64] | PGEFR | Activating PI3K induced downstream gene transductions, regulating cell movement and inhibiting apoptosis. Improved cell mitogenic, proliferation, migration, including MSCs, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cell. |
| VEGF[65-66] | VEGFR | Promoted angiogenesis and osteogenesis in osteoblasts. Improved mitogen of vascular endothelial cells, and differentiation of adipocytes. |
| FGF2[67-68] | FGF2R | Activating downstream signal transduction. Improved angiogenesis and mitogenic. Increased proliferation and differentiation of BMSC, and osteoblasts. |
| IGF-1 [69-70] | IGF-1R | Activating downstream signal transduction cascades. PI3K-Akt triggers to activate transcription factor NF-κB. Increased alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Induced proliferation and differentiation on osteoblasts. |
| EGF [71-72] | EGFR, PDGFR | Control proinflammatory signaling to modulate proliferation in BMSC. Regulated cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. |
| TGF-β [73-74] | TGF-β1, TGF-β2 | Regulate osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation. Improved proliferation of pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Stimulate growth of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. |
Abbreviations: PDGFR, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; VEGFR, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; FGFR, Fibroblast growth factor receptor;IGF1R, Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; TGFβR, Transforming growth factor β receptor; MSC, Mesenchymal stem cells; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells.