The Long Shadow of Early Poverty: Poverty at Birth, Epigenetic Changes at Age 15, And Youth Outcomes at Age 22

Table 3. Summary of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in thePooled Sample

Coefficient	std. err.	95%	CI	p
Structural
Maternal Education at Baseline
Ethnicity (Latino)	-0.32	0.04	-0.40	-0.24	< 0.001
Race (Black)	-0.32	0.04	-0.40	-0.24	< 0.001
Intercept	2.67	0.08	2.51	2.82	< 0.001
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)
Maternal Education (Baseline)	0.42	0.03	0.36	0.48	< 0.001
Married Household	0.26	0.03	0.20	0.32	< 0.001
Ethnicity (Latino)	-0.16	0.04	-0.24	-0.09	< 0.001
Race (Black)	-0.26	0.04	-0.33	-0.18	< 0.001
Intercept	0.26	0.10	0.06	0.46	0.010
Married Household
Ethnicity (Latino)	-0.27	0.04	-0.35	-0.19	< 0.001
Race (Black)	-0.40	0.04	-0.48	-0.33	< 0.001
Intercept	1.16	0.06	1.03	1.28	< 0.001
Grim Age (Wave 6)
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)	-0.13	0.03	-0.20	-0.06	< 0.001
Male Child	0.17	0.04	0.10	0.24	0.000
Intercept	12.38	0.33	11.74	13.03	0.000
High School Drop Out (Wave 7)
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)	-0.11	0.04	-0.18	-0.04	0.001
Grim Age (Wave 6)	0.01	0.04	-0.06	0.09	0.689
Male Child	0.05	0.04	-0.02	0.13	0.153
Intercept	0.21	0.47	-0.71	1.13	0.658
Any School Discipline (Wave 7)
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)	-0.21	0.03	-0.28	-0.14	< 0.001
Grim Age (Wave 6)	0.13	0.04	0.06	0.20	< 0.001
Male Child	0.11	0.04	0.04	0.18	0.003
Intercept	-0.55	0.45	-1.43	0.34	0.224
YA SRH (Wave 7)
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)	-0.05	0.04	-0.12	0.02	0.152
Grim Age (Wave 6)	0.08	0.04	0.00	0.15	0.042
Male Child	-0.08	0.04	-0.15	-0.01	0.029
Intercept	1.42	0.47	0.49	2.35	0.003
YA MDD (Wave 7)
Poverty Ratio (Baseline)	0.01	0.04	-0.07	0.08	0.872
Grim Age (Wave 6)	0.03	0.04	-0.05	0.11	0.448
Male Child	0.02	0.04	-0.05	0.10	0.549
Intercept	0.18	0.50	-0.79	1.16	0.711