Articles

<b>Introduction:</b> Colorectal cancer during pregnancy is a complex and rare condition often presenting with benign gastrointestinal symptoms that overlap with normal pregnancy related changes, leading to delayed or misdiagnosis. Further, hepatic metastases may complicate recognition, especially when initially interpreted as benign lesions such as hemangiomas. So, early identification and management are crucial and remain challenging for optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes. <b>Clinical Description:</b> A case of 39-year-old gravida 5 para 4 at 24 weeks+1 day with chronic hypothyroidism, longstanding anemia and a one year history of epigastric + right upper quadrant pain with suspected hemorrhage from a known liver hemangioma. Further imaging suggested a malignant hepatic lesion where colonoscopy and biopsy confirmed stage IV metastatic colon adenocarcinoma with liver and adrenal metastases. Her condition deteriorated and delivered a stillborn infant at 26 weeks of 780 grams following placental abruption. She continued to decline despite supportive care and died. <b>Conclusion:</b> This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of colorectal cancer in pregnancy where nonspecific symptoms and inaccurate imaging results contributed to delayed diagnosis. The aggressive nature of the disease emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and integrated care approach to improve both maternal and fetal outcome.

Delirium is a major complication most commonly observed in patients with advanced cancer. However, despite its prevalence, the early diagnosis, management, and prevention of this condition have not seen significant progress. Aim of this research is to provide insights into the prevalence of delirium, the optimization of interventions for managing delirium symptoms, their effectiveness and the impact of underlying factors on the reversibility of delirium in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. The review involved systematic searches of relevant databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and PsychInfo using refined search terms. Eight publications out of 614 studies originally searched were selected and critically reviewed. Their quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool for Case Series. Data abstraction and content analysis were performed to synthesize the findings. Delirium is prevalent among advanced cancer patients in palliative care, with rates ranging from 10.3% to 24.1%. Pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological interventions showed effectiveness in reducing delirium symptoms. Delirium was found to be reversible through palliative care interventions, antipsychotic medications, and exercise therapy. Effective delirium management is crucial in improving the quality of life of cancer patients. This review emphasizes the importance of subtype-specific treatments, standardized guidelines, and long-term follow-up studies. Implementing evidence-based individualized approaches to delirium management can optimize treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes in patients as well as improve the quality of care. Tailored interventions, standardized protocols, and further research are hereby recommended.

This article focuses on primary liver cancer and tries to present a possible CBT-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy group intervention of 6 sessions and a follow up based on a scientific review. We present an international national data analyze of the problem and characterize it in terms of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. From the psychological point of view our goal is to show and reflect on the connection between theory and practice in research mental health and the quality of life of people suffering from liver cancer. CBT interventions programme have shown efficacy and effectiveness on improving quality of life of patients. The expected outcomes of CBT intervention are mainly a better adaptation to cancer and a better perception on quality of live.

This paper leverages gene and cell therapy research in diverse disorders ranging from monogenic to infectious diseases to cancer and emerging breakthroughs, where one can harness individual genes or a synthetic gene sequence designed based on a shared molecular pattern in infected cells to better fight various disorders [1]. A pivotal task is to predict the performances of candidate gene therapies to guide clinical translational research using methods such as retrospective bioinformatic analyses. Implementing them to a large-scale gene therapy database reveals that it is feasible to construct and apply well-performing interpretable, supervised learning models [2]. Preliminary evidence of machine learning approaches' statistical significance helps clinicians and biomedical researchers, market participants, and regulatory and economic experts derive relevant, practical applications, thereby enhancing the deployment of gene therapy and genomics to achieve positive, long-term growth for humanity while alleviating the ongoing worldwide economic burden precipitated by prolonged and recurring diseases. Deploying machine learning techniques to accelerate gene and cell therapy drug development and trials shall also mitigate the existing obstacle of limited patient access to emerging, transformative medical innovations such as gene therapy due to skyrocketing prices, which often herald gene therapy products as the world's most expensive medicines [3]. Moreover, in preventing patients from accessing effective, life-saving genetic medicines, there commonly exists a multidimensional access gap encompassing the availability, affordability, and quality or acceptability of these clinical treatments. The ensuing substantial gap has repeatedly been documented and mainly emanates from differential institutional and socio-political choices around resource allocation at international and domestic levels [4]. Particularly, it is also due to the stringent licensure and regulatory approval processes underpinned by insufficient evidence for novel safety and clinical efficacy profiles for genetic therapies in multiple micro-local diagnoses and subpopulations. We believe that a higher likelihood of gene therapy adoption shall result when the clinical evidence path contains adequate representation from the most diverse and relevant patient populations [5].

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, with approximately two million new cases every year. The number of cases increases despite the high survival rate. The aim of this study is, therefore, to understand this cancer by finding out what has been studied in this area using scientific evidence published between 2003 and 2023. A search was therefore carried out for scientific articles and other relevant sources on the subject with free access, and 48 documents were then analyzed. According to the analysis, many studies have been conducted in the area, particularly on quality of life and body image. However, little has been done in terms of environmental sustainability and breast cancer.

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, affecting one in six people, with breast cancer being the most prevalent in females. Adapting to an oncological disease entails many physical and psychological changes that affect the patient and their families. This work aims to present existing scientific research on adaptation to oncological disease and the end of life of women with metastatic cancer aged between 45 and 65, framing with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. (TAC). Fifty documents with publication dates between 2002 and 2022 were included in this study. It was found that there is much information on the topic in question, as it is a problem that affects not only women but also all the systems they are in. When faced with a terminal diagnosis, a woman faces many doubts and uncertainties, in addition to all the physical effects of the disease. Therefore, she should be accompanied by a team specialized in Palliative Care, which can provide her and her family with all the support needed in this challenging phase.

Calotropis procera, a medicinally important plant found in Asia, was explored for its anticancer and antibacterial properties in this study. The leaves of C. procera were extracted using methanol and FTIR and UV-VIS spectrophotometry were used to characterize them. Using the MTT assay and the disc diffusion test, the extract was examined for anticancer activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The methanolic fraction of C. procera was found to be efficient against the MCF7 cell line and dramatically suppressed MRSA growth. The metabolic fraction of C. procera leaves is important in suppressing the growth of the MCF7 cell line, and it has the potential to be an effective antibacterial agent, according to our findings. The implications of Calotropis procera for all healthcare professionals including oncologists, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and nutritional therapists are significant. With the increasing incidence of cancer and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, there is a growing need for new, effective, and safer herbal treatments.

Oncology nurses are more likely to get compassion fatigue (CF) than nurses in other fields because of the emotional stress and poor outlook of cancer patients. Because of this, the care might not be very good, the job might not be very satisfying, and there is a good chance that the patient's pain won't be noticed. <b>Aim.</b> To synthesize empirical evidence on compassion fatigue in order to extract the common, central, and fundamental elements that may improve nursing care. Design. An integrative review <b>Results.</b> Fifteen (15) studies met the eligibility criteria wherein five themes emerged. These are the level of compassion fatigue among oncology nurses, the oncology nurses' perspectives on compassion fatigue, precipitating factors leading to CF with 2 subthemes (work environment and a feeling of lack of support), the influence of compassion fatigue on the personal lives and general well-being of cancer nurses, and the consequences on the quality of oncology nurses' professional lives at work. <b>Conclusion.</b> CF is a significant problem for nurses who work in specialized areas such as cancer units, demonstrated as a basic incapacity to nurture others. The integration of studies provides evidence of clinical practice application which can provide better outcomes and improve nursing care<b>. Implications for Practice.</b> The findings provide understanding into healthcare practice on how to avoid compassion fatigue. Clinical management approaches that can mitigate compassion fatigue and its negative repercussions are presented, as well as the formation of peer support groups that have the ability to ameliorate CF.

<b>Background:</b> Oncology nurse navigators (ONNs) are becoming even more vital as healthcare continues to develop into a more complicated, confusing maze for patients. When many specialists on the treatment team have divergent points of view due to the nature of their respective professions or other factors, the patient may experience feelings of confusion. In the end, this can cause delays in treatment, pose a threat to the established standard of care, and lead to a decrease in patient satisfaction. <b>Aim:</b> To enumerate various ways in which ONNs may help improve the quality of life of cancer patients. <b>Design:</b> An integrative review. <b>Results:</b> A total of 19 studies related to the topic are evaluated. Four main themes namely: provider of psychological support, facilitator of timely care, oncology nurse navigators perception of their role and patient’s perception of oncology nurse navigators and 3 sub themes which are: information giver, source of emotional support and coordinator, were identified to be the roles of the ONNs. The findings showed that oncology nurse navigators help reduce patients anxiety and distress, increase patient satisfaction, shorten the time from diagnosis to treatment, provide necessary information, support them emotionally and coordinate their care with the different members of the healthcare team and resources. <b>Conclusion:</b> The main function of the ONNs is to address any barrier that may hinder the patient’s cancer treatment, survivorship and even palliative care. ONNs make sure that each patient has individualized nursing care according to the patients and their families' needs. <b>Implications for Practice:</b> ONNs have the potential to significantly contribute not only to the quality of life of cancer patients but also to the process of achieving better service integration. The result of this integrative review contributes to the growth of the healthcare system by improving accessibility, fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, and the ability to maintain health services throughout time brought about by ONNs.

<b>Background</b>: By rediscovering the medical field spiritual foundation, clinicians sought to balance their care and realize that spirituality is frequently associated with healthcare, thus one’s spiritual beliefs influence patients' decisions between aggressive care and complementary therapies in oncology care. <b>Aim:</b> This study investigates clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of spirituality in oncology care that clinicians can utilize to improve cancer and spiritual care provision. <b>Methods:</b> A thematic, qualitative synthesis. <b>Results:</b> Four main themes emerged from the synthesis of the 11 included studies that can steer future framework and policies to make clinicians more inept in providing care to address spiritual well-being of the patients and their family from a clinician's point of view of spirituality: “Maintaining Hope and Spiritual Wellness, Clinician’s Sensitivity to Cancer Patients, Provision of Culturally Respectful Spiritual Care, and Education in Providing Spiritual Care”. <b>Conclusion:</b> Cancer patients, cancer survivors, and clinicians’ quality of life is correlated with measures of spirituality and spiritual well-being. Spirituality also fulfill these oncologic patients has been linked to improved emotional and spiritual adjustment. <b>Implications:</b> Clinicians with different proficiencies, novice or expert, develop a strong spiritual belief can also be a strength when it comes to caring for those terminally ill patients, to be able to aid them in their sufferings. Amidst the challenges of spiritual care, these clinicians provide a patient strategy approach that is holistic to the care.

<b>Background:</b> Sexuality is considered to be one of the most significant markers of quality of life. This is due to the fact that sexuality is linked to ideas, feelings, behaviors, social integration, and therefore, a person's physical and mental health and well-being but with patients who have gynecologic cancers, there are significant challenges when it comes to matters of sexuality and intimacy. <b>Aim:</b> To find out how gynecological cancer affects women's sexual experiences and how they express sexuality in the context of their sickness <b>Design:</b> A qualitative synthesis, thematic approach <b>Result:</b> Nineteen (19) eligible studies centered with gynecologic cancers on sexual functioning were included with two (2) main themes emerged: (1) Issues with Sexual Experiences and (2) Physical and Emotional Burden. Many individuals were found to have one or more sexual dysfunctions, which commonly caused distress. <b>Conclusion:</b> Changes in the women’s quality of life in the sexual aspect due to their disease takes a toll not just on the physical but in other facets as well. Better knowledge and patient-centered approaches would improve gynecologic cancer patients' capacity to cope in terms of sexual functioning. <b>Implications:</b> Healthcare professionals such as oncology nurses and doctors should better understand ways to address the sexual problems of their patients following the myriad of events following their diagnosis and treatment of their gynecologic cancers.

<b>Background</b>: There are currently numerous risk instruments available to aid in predicting the present or future chance of getting a cancer diagnosis. It aids in determining a person's likelihood of developing certain cancers by looking at various risk factors, including environmental, behavioral, and genetic. <b>Aim:</b> To analyze the effectiveness of cancer risk assessment techniques utilized in primary care settings. <b>Methods</b>: An integrative review of literature <b>Results</b>: Five (5) studies were met the criteria based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These tools demonstrated effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and serving as useful therapeutic tools in the primary care setting. <b>Conclusion:</b> Advantages that may aid clinicians in the primary care setting in validating the diagnosis and assisting patients in determining the early signs and symptoms in the diagnosis of cancer. The role of assessment tools can enhance the reliability and caliber of clinical judgment, which can enhance patient outcomes. <b>Implications</b>: The role of healthcare professionals, such as oncologists, nurses, and the healthcare team, on cancer risk assessment in the primary care setting across the lifespan is crucial to ensure a care plan tailored to each patient’s needs.

Advances in web-centric cloud computing have facilitated the establishment of an integrated cloud environment connecting a wide variety of clinical trial stakeholders. A web-centric cloud framework is proposed for real-time monitoring and risk prediction during clinical trials. The framework focuses on identifying relevant datasets, developing a data-management interface, and implementing machine-learning algorithms for data analysis. Detailed descriptions of the data-management interface and the machine-learning processes are provided, targeting active clinical trials with therapeutic uses in cancer. Demonstrations utilize publicly available clinical-trial data from the ClinicalTrials.gov repository. The real-time monitoring and risk prediction systems were assessed by developing five supervised-classification-machine-learning models for trial-status prediction and six unsupervised models for patient-safety-profile assessment, each representing a different phase of the clinical-trial process. All supervised models yielded high accuracy and area-under-the-curve values at the testing stage, while the unsupervised models demonstrated practical applicability. The results underscore the advantages of using the trial-status algorithm, the patient-safety-profile model, and the proposed framework for performing real-time monitoring and risk prediction of clinical trials.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women. Several studies have shown the benefits of physical activity (PA) before and after treatment on the physical and psychological components of patients. Almost all of the studies mentioned are carried out on non-African patients over the age of 40. And no experimental studies have been carried out in young patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer. This is how we asked ourselves the question of whether a physical exercise program carried out on young Beninese women under the age of 30 undergoing treatment for breast cancer at the Saint Nicolas clinic in Porto-Novo could it have the same effects on their physical and psychological components? Our objective through this research is to study the potential effect of a physical activity program on the physical and psychological state in women under 30 years old (27±5.8 years) undergoing treatment for a breast cancer at the Saint Nicolas clinic in Porto-Novo. An experimental study was then carried out with 13 patients (very low rate of women in this section suffering from breast cancer) undergoing treatment throughout 2022 at the Saint Nicolas clinic in Porto-Novo. The experimental group followed a physical activity program consisting of aerobic and muscular exercises; over a period of 8 weeks. According to the data collected and the feedback from the patients, the physical activity program seems to have been beneficial for most of them. There is an improvement in the quality of life and the physical condition of the patients. In addition, the management of physical fatigue and psychological fatigue also seem to improve. There was also a marked improvement in the ability to concentrate and self-esteem. The physical activity program has improved the physical and psychological state of Beninese women with breast cancer

In this review proteins associated with tight junctions (TJs) is described with an emphasis on prostate cancer. Overall tight junctional proteins do not seem to play a decisive role in prostate carcinoma pathogenesis. Of TJ proteins, expression of some claudins show an association with clinical behaviour of the tumors. Claudin 1 expression appears to be related to a better prognosis partly due to its involvement in EMT abrogation. Claudin 3 and 4 are highly expressed in prostate cancer and their expression is associated with aggressive behaviour. Inhibition of claudin 8 promotes prostate carcinoma invasion and spread but studies are few. CPE has been known to bind to especially claudins 3 and 4 and cause cell lysis. Several experiments with modified CPE have been made in prostate cancer cell lines. Regardless of this effective CPE based human treatment for prostate cancer have not yet been developed.

<i><b>Background. </b></i>Guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2 (<i>sGC</i><i>α2</i>), also known as <i>GUCY1A2</i>, was reported to be upregulated and promoted tumorigenesis in cervical cancer. But whether <i>GUCY1A2</i> was abnormally expressed and its prognostic value in gastric cancer was unknown. The current study aimed to find out the prognostic value of <i>GUCY1A2</i> in gastric cancer by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. <i><b>Methods.</b></i> Wilcoxon signed-rank test, cox regression analysis and multivariant analysis were used to analyze the relationship between clinical characteristic and <i>GUCY1A2</i> expression level. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the association of <i>GUCY1A2</i> and overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify <i>GUCY1A2</i>-related signaling pathway. <i><b>Results.</b></i> Compared to normal tissue, expression of <i>GUCY1A2</i> was significantly increased in gastric cancer (p<0.001). Increased <i>GUCY1A2</i> was associated with advanced T stage (p=0.012) and poor survival (p=0.022). Univariate analysis showed that high <i>GUCY1A2 </i>expression was associated with a poor overall survival (HR:1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.02, p=0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that <i>GUCY1A3</i> remained an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival (HR:1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.56, p=0.00). GSEA revealed that calcium signaling pathway, <i>MAPK </i>signaling pathway, <i>TGF-β</i> signaling pathway and <i>Wnt</i> signaling pathway were enriched in <i>GUCY1A2 </i>high expression phenotype. <i><b>Conclusions.</b></i> <i>GUCY1A2</i> maybe a potential prognostic predictor of poor survival in gastric cancer. But it need to be further validated clinically.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) is an evidence-based treatment that makes use of high-quality software. As many healthcare systems confront increasing expectations for quality results, the need for digital medications is steadily growing in the clinical arena. To ensure that patients are supported during chemotherapy and that needless hospital visits are avoided, digital therapeutics must be integrated into the cancer care pathway. Oncology patients are usually immunocompromised die to their disease and treatment, rendering them more susceptible to infection than the general population. As a result, visiting to a hospital might endanger their health. In addition, when cancer patients and survivors return home after treatment, digital health interventions provide them with the tools they need to manage their illness and its side effects in the privacy of their own homes. Considering the increasing prevalence of cancer patients and the solution that digital therapeutics has to offer in oncology, its future looks promising. This review article aims to summarize the existing companies in this domain, while evaluating the prospects as well.

We can’t stop breathing, but we can do something about the quality of air that we breathe. Clean fresh air is indispensable ingredient for a good life quality. Individuals poses the right towards expecting that the breathed air will not harm people. Thus, fighting air pollution will not only improve health outcomes, productivity, and well-being, it’s also essential toward reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas as well as fighting climate change. For examples, a third of the global population is at risk from unhealthy of ambient air pollutants concentrations, with the loss of approximately 6.4 million healthy-life-years attributed specifically to chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter. Expert panels have consistently rated air pollution as a greater health hazard than water pollution. Pollution of air is the leading source of unexplained and undiagnosed diseases, besides have remained associated with a variety of serious human health risks, and in fact, a threshold has not been established under which these pollutants exert no adverse effects. This study evaluates ambient air quality at major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. “Measurements of Air pollution were accurately carried out using direct reading, automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 [Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>)], BLATN with model BR – Smart Series air quality monitor (PM<SUB>10</SUB>, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity)”. The outcomes disclosed among others, the average concentrations of CO, O<SUB>2</SUB> as well as other measured parameters for instance formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., they are also consistently low as well as within acceptable range in terms of National as well as Global monitoring standards for air quality indices. However, there are few exceptions for instance the average volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB> as well as Combustible (LEL) respectively, which are higher when compared to National and Global standards. This high figure is due to pollutant amount existing in the sawmills air environment resulting from input of influents from activities of the sawmill. However, as a result, air pollution in the city of Ilorin is found to be increasingly polluted and are of major health concern because of their synergistic action. Due to the high evidences and values, it can lead to a remarkable rise in over-all figure of hospital visits/ patients’ admissions with acute respiratory illnesses as soon as air pollutants level remained high. Hence, there is the need for an aggressive control of ambient air pollution.

<b>Background</b>: Cancer surveillance data provide information on the incidence and trends of cancer in the population level. Analyzing cancer trends according to these characteristics plays an important role in cancer surveillance. Knowledge of the causes of cancer allow better prevent the appearance of it. A large number of epidemiological evidence supporting the effect of smoking on the causes of cancer there is strong evidence supporting a role for smoking in the etiology of cancers. Alcohol appears to interact with the tobacco significantly and can be considered a risk factor in the development of cancers. Obesity which is now well recognized as a public health problem increases the risk of developing cancers. All these factors are characterized by uncertainty, complexity and imprecision. <b>Methods</b><b>:</b> In this study, we propose an analysis of these factors based on the principles of fuzzy logic inference system. The data were collected from WHO data. As this technique addresses the uncertain, its application in this area is perfectly adequate. <b>Results</b>: A database is established, after the analysis system is done, it will be possible to read the prevalence of cancer by introducing randomly the values in inputs variables. <b>Conclusion</b>: like cancer has become a national scourge, this application allows predicting the impact of it just from the introduction inputs variables such as BMI, degree of physical activity, tobacco and sex.

Cell division that is not controlled leads to cancer, an incurable condition. An early diagnosis has the potential to lower death rates from breast cancer, the most frequent disease in women worldwide. Imaging studies of the breast may help doctors find the disease and diagnose it. This study explores an effectiveness of DL and ML models in a classification of mammography images for breast cancer detection, utilizing the publicly available CBIS-DDSM dataset, which comprises 5,000 images evenly divided between benign and malignant cases. To improve diagnostic accuracy, models such as Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), CNNs, KNN, and MobileNetV2 were assessed employing performance measures including F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision. The methodology involved data preprocessing techniques, including transfer learning and feature extraction, followed by data splitting for robust model training and evaluation. Findings indicate that MobileNetV2 achieved a highest accuracy99.4%, significantly outperforming GNB (87.2%), CNN (96.7%), and KNN (91.2%). The outstanding capacity of MobileNetV2 to identify between benign and malignant instances was shown by the investigation, which also made use of confusion matrices and ROC curves to evaluate model performance.