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Textuality in Text: A Discourse Analysis of Nelson Mandela‘s I Am the First Accused
Universal Journal of Literature and Linguistics
| Vol 4, Issue 1
Table 1. Summaries of the Cohesive Devices
| Summary of Personal/ Demonstrative References | ||
| Referencing Summary | ||
| Personal Reference | Line Reference | Referenced Item |
| I (hold | 1-2 | The speaker (via exophoric reference) |
| him | 8-10 | The white man |
| they | 11 | The white man |
| Them/their | 10-12 | Africans |
| they | 10-12 | Africans |
| Their/they | 10-13 | Africans |
| their | 13 | White people |
| Their/them | 10-14 | African |
| I | 17 | The speaker (via exophoric) |
| his | 18-19 | African male |
| They/them | 22-23 | Children |
| They/them | 32-33 | Africans |
| they | 34-36 | Africans |
| We/our | 37-38 | Political rights |
| it | 42 (cataphoric) | Africans |
| it | 43-44 | Political division |
| It/their | 45-46 | The ANC |
| My/i/Myself | 46-49 | The speaker(exophoric) |
| It/i | 51-52 | Live in harmony |
| Demonstrative Reference | ||
| Demonstrative reference | Line reference | Referenced item |
| The (country | 1-3 (exopheric) | South Africa |
| The (lack of human) | 5 (cataphoric) | Africans |
| this | 6-7 | White supremacy |
| the | 7-9 | White supremacy |
| This | 13-15 | Support their families |
| The (most hated bits of ….) | 16 | Pass laws |
| There (is a single) | 17-18 | Africans |
| These (worse than) | 19-20 | African are thrown into jail |
| The | 20-22 | Breakdown of family life |
| The (school) | 23-24 | School |
| This (leads) | 23-25 | Have to work |
| The (township) | 18-28 | In south Africa |
| The (fact that the death) | 30-31 | Death sentence |
| The (festering sore) | 25-31 | A breakdown in morale |
| The (general population) | 32-37 | African want to be…. |
| This (makes) | 39-40 | The majority of voters |
| This (fear) | 40-41 | Fear democracy |
| The (enfranchisement) | 38-42 | Equal political right |
| That (policy) | 44-45 | Fighting against racialism |
| This (then) | 45-46 | That policy |
| The (African people) | 46-47 | The ANC |
| Comparative reference | ||
| Comparative reference | Line reference | Referenced item |
| Most (hated) | 16 | Pass law |
| Worse than (this) | 19-20 | Africans are thrown into jail |
| Equal political rights | 37-38 | Black south Africans |