Biodiversity is related to a global problem: its destruction, a fact supported by scientific authorities. It is not trivial that educational dimension has been contemplated as one of the strategies for its conservation. Since 1992 global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity postulates concepts that linked education and nature conservation. The main objective of this research work is to test the level of assimilation of extracurricular scientific knowledge by primary school pupils. The method chosen for the content was, on the one hand, a master class intervention with an interactive presentation on a digital whiteboard. Third cases were chosen. Each case consisted of a presentation of the current status of a species of fauna present in Spain. On the second part, students were asked to write an essay and to illustrate the experience during the presentation. Regarding the essays, students showed that they were more attracted to the first species that was presented (Iberian lynx) in a proportion of over 45% of cases. The “Endangered species” concept appeared in more than 77% of the texts reviewed. In terms of drawings, almost 55% of the responses seem to devote more attention to the second species described (Testudo graeca). An attempt was made to offer rigorous, structured information related to different aspects of natural reality in order to contemplate the broadest possible vision. The example of an instructional intervention presented here aims to be an alternative to other transmissive teaching models. Likewise, the linking of abstract concepts with socio-cultural reality proved to be a successful strategy to reinforce knowledge about natural biodiversity, endangered species or threat factors.

In this article, our investigation to study squeezing and statistical properties of the light by a two mode sub harmonic generator coupled to thermal reservoir via a single port-mirror. The equation of motion answers are then used to calculate the mean photon number, photon number variance, and quadrature variance for two mode cavity light. However, we have found that the degree of squeezing is indeed affected by the present of thermal light. The mean photon number of the system under consideration increases with increasing $\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{n}}$.

In this article the investigation of squeezing and statistical properties of light resulting by a non-degenerate three-level laser with the parametric amplifier and coupled to a thermal reservoir have been occurred. With the aid of master equation, stochastic differential equations were obtained. Applying solutions of resulting differential equations, quadrature variance, the mean and variance of photon number, the photon number correlation are calculated. However, the two-mode driving light has no effect on the squeezing properties of the cavity modes. On the other hand, parametric amplifier and thermal reservoir increase the mean and variance of photon number. Furthermore, employing the same solutions, we also obtain anti normally ordered characteristic function defined in the Heisenberg picture. For a linear gain coefficient of (A = 100), for a cavity damping constant of K= 0:8, µ = 0 and for thermal reservoir th = 0, the maximum intra cavity photon entanglement is found at steady state and at threshold to be 60%.

Bead jewellery is common in all Ghanaian communities. Bead jewellers are well-known for their important bead jewellery production and have advanced to the Master craft level. The industry can be utilized if the industry's difficulties are discovered and remedied. The study area for the research includes Ghana's Eastern, Ashanti, and Greater Accra Regions. The study's population included bead jewellers, bead jewellery firms, bead dealers, bead aficionados, clients, and bead makers. With a sample size of 30, data was gathered mostly through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. The study went over the procedure for securing land for a bead jewellery workshop. According to a survey conducted by the Ghanaian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCII), Ghanaian bead jewellers should use qualified designers. Cost pooling in legal services, accounting, and consulting is likely to save money.

Making students efficiently and flexibly understand and master the knowledge of biological/biomedical sciences by prompting active learning and critical thinking and making biomedical science courses form an integrated system are critical for more successful and effective student education, future and career. However, the current biological/biomedical education system worldwide tends to produce graduates best suited for postdoctoral training, and academic careers, in highly specialized areas. Many institutions worldwide currently favor densely packed curricula with fast-paced instruction focused on detailed subject matter, with little room left for skill training in both active learning and critical thinking, creative problem solving, professional skills, putting what was learned into a larger context that creates meaning, and teaching students with different learning styles, despite their significance. In this article, we will discuss the current defects in biological/biomedical science education and the need to reform biomedical science teaching and education. We will also describe some suggestions and approaches to improve biological/biomedical science learning and education, including the establishment of a more effective learning/teaching repository.

Qualitatively, the study focused constructivist research paradigm. A case study research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised all six (6) Social Studies teachers, the headmaster and the School Improvement Support Officer (SISO). Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the participants for the study. The main instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide and observation protocol. The data were analysed using the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection from the semi-structured interview. The study revealed that multimedia usage is a quality enhancer in educational settings for teaching Social Studies concepts. It also indicated that teachers perceived their incompetence when using technology as they feel less in control of their classes and are unlikely to explore new possibilities that utilise technology when planning their lessons. They learn the theoretical aspect and practice and perceive the teacher’s role in the classroom changes from an instructor to a facilitator, which changes the teaching method to student-centred (constructive methodology) which aids content absorption by the learner through learning by doing. The study also indicated that teachers perceived their incompetence when using technology as they felt less in control of their classes and were unlikely to explore new possibilities that utilised technology when planning their lessons. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and National Teaching Council collaborate with Ghana Education Service to set up Social Studies training centres in all the district capitals equipped with competent staff to periodically organise in-service training for teachers to build their capacity on how to pedagogically incorporate multimedia resources in their instructions to improve students learning outcomes.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of visual aids in teaching science lessons in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in Ghana. The quantitative research method was chosen for this study. A Purposive sampling technique was used to select 245 JHS 2 students and seven (7) science teachers (1 from each selected school) from seven (7) selected JHS in Enchi Municipal under Aowin District in the Western North Region of Ghana. The main instrument for data collection for this study was a questionnaire and a test. The data analysis was done using the SPSS statistical package, where a questionnaire was analysed to determine the frequency and percentages of responses from selected science teachers and test analysis was done using a Pair Sample t-test to determine any significant differences between pre-test and post-test of the respondents. This study found that the use of visual aids in teaching science encouraged learners to develop interest and participate actively in the lessons which resulted in improved student performances and developed interest during the lesson. The study recommended that Ghana Education Service (GES) and headmasters at the JHS should endeavour to provide enough visual aids for their schools to enable the teaching and learning of science better and to be learner-centred, practical learning and for learners to develop interest and positive attitude towards learning science to improve performances and appreciate the need to learn science to the highest level for self-development and the development of the country.

The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical analysis of lexico-grammatical features used in the rhetorical structure of the Statement of the Research Problems of Master of Philosophy theses in the Faculties of Arts and Education at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Qualitatively, content analysis was adopted for this study. Theses from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education at the University of Cape Coast were selected for this study. These theses were selected from 2012 to 2022 academic years to ensure currency in terms of the stipulated lexico-grammatical features used in the statement of the research problem. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the university, two faculties (Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Education) and postgraduate theses for the study. The two faculties were purposively sampled. Eighty (80) theses were simple randomly sampled (Forty (40) theses each from the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Education). The main instrument used for data collection was content analysis. The data was analysed by the use of the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection of the statement of research problem from the post-graduate theses. The study indicated that integral citation was dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses whereas non-integral citations were rather dominant in SRPs from the Faculty of Education theses. The use of adverbials to boost these claims was also found in only the SRPs from the Faculty of Arts theses. The use of hedging devices in SRPs from both Faculties to indicate a gap, and the use of simple noun phrases such as “the problem” and “the need” were mostly used to categorically state the research problem. It is recommended that a comparative study of theses in the two faculties in another university in Ghana be undertaken to identify how similar or otherwise the rhetorical structure and the lexico-grammatical features of the SRPs written by postgraduate students in the two faculties will be.

Background: Oral health plays an important role in maintaining life functions and quality of life. Periodontal disease can vary with respect to bacterial etiology, host response, and clinical disease progression. A key role of genetic effects has suggested distribution of lesions and severity of destruction in each individual. Many diseases, particularly digestive disorders, cancer, and infection, show preferences among the ABO blood types. Knowledge of blood groups and their association with oral diseases is very important, as it may help in early diagnosis and treatment strategies‏. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the distribution of patients with oral and dental health problems according to age, regions, Socio-demographic Variables, and blood groups in the Tripoli region. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 patients with oral and dental health problems attending six medical centers in Tripoli region from the 01^st March 2022 to the 01^st June 2022. Also, 100 healthy individuals without any oral and dental health problems or any other diseases were recruited as a control group. This study was approved by the Research and Ethical Committee of the medical centers and Libyan Academy of graduate studies. One ml of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant in the study for determination of blood groups. The data were compared using Chi-Square using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25. Results: The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 43.03±13.82 years. The higher distribution of patients was 58 patients (29%) in the age group (26-35) years while the lower distribution was 10 patients (5%) in the age group (66-75) years. The distribution of patients according to the region were 81.5%, 13%, 4%, and 1.5% in Tripoli, South Tripoli, West Tripoli, and East Tripoli, respectively. The Distribution of patients according to occupation were 4.5% Students, 30% Housewives, 10.5% Employers, 12.5% Teachers, 14% Nurses, 7.5% Doctors, 12.5% Laboratory Technicians and 8.5% Freelance workers. The distribution of patients according to levels of education were 23.5% Pre-Secondary, 19% Secondary, 46% Bachelor's or equivalent, and 11.5% Master's or equivalent. The distribution of patients according to marital status were 26% single and 74% married. The distribution of patients according to oral and dental problems were 5% with bridge, 8% with missing teeth, 86% with dental caries, 63.5% with bleeding of gum, and 25.5% with swelling of gum. The degrees of gingival erythema among patients were 36.5% mild, 38% moderate, and 25.5% severe. The degrees of gingival inflammation among patients were 36% mild, 38.5% moderate, and 25.5% severe. The distribution of A, B, AB, and O blood groups showed a significant (P=0.000) difference between healthy individuals and oral and dental health problems among patients that, were 54%, 12%, 4%& 30%, and 21.5%, 9%, 3.5% & 66%, respectively. Also, the distribution of A⁺, A^-, B⁺, B^-, AB⁺, O⁺, and O^- blood groups showed a significant (P=0.000) difference between healthy individuals and patients with oral and dental health problems that, were 49%, 5%, 10%, 2%, 4%, 25%, & 5%, and 18%, 3.5%, 8%, 1%, 3.5%, 60%& 6%, respectively. But, the distribution of Rh⁺ and Rh^- blood groups showed a non-significant (P=0.695) difference between healthy individuals and patients that, were 88% & 12%, and 89.5%& 10.5%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mean age of the patients with oral and dental health problems was 43.03 years and the higher distribution of patients was in the age group (26-35) years. The higher distribution of ABO blood groups was O blood group among patients especially O⁺ blood groups. The distribution of Rh+ and Rh- blood groups were showed a non-significant difference between healthy individuals and patients with oral and dental health problems. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.