The duck industry makes an important contribution to the availability of animal protein sources in Egypt, little known about the genetic parameters, particularly the heritability and genetic correlations of body weight and egg production in ducks. Body weight is the most essential feature for genetic improvement due to its ease of selection, high heredity, and large impact on meat production costs. The target of this study was to evaluate and explain genetic parameters such as the heritability, the genetic and phenotypic correlations, and sire breeding value in Domyati (local) and Khaki-Campbell (foreign) ducks in order to improve body weight and egg traits. A total of 160 (80 Domyati and 80 Khaki-Campbell ducks utilized to measure body weight at 16 and 20 weeks g), as well as 7000 eggs (2500 Domyati and 4500 Khaki-Campbell) to measure egg traits (the egg number, egg weight, and egg mass are all measured throughout the first 90 days of laying). In Domyati and Khaki-Campbell ducks, the heritability estimated for body weight was moderate to high, ranged from 0.35 to 0.40, and 0.21 to 0.30 for egg production. The genetic correlations among body weight and egg traits were all positive and had high values, also among BW16 and BW20 were stronger (0.90); (0.99). So the genetic improvement in BW16 could be followed by an increase in BW20 weeks. It concluded that, the relatively high value of genetic heritability for body weights and egg traits in Domyati and Khaki-Campbell ducks, indicates that it is possible to genetically increase body weight and egg traits through selection and subsequently inbreeding to divide the herd into groups that are selected among themselves to keep their sons.

A short review concerning the distinction between ancient and modern grains or ancient and modern varieties of wheat, cereals and pseudocereals, along with their quality related mainly to human health and that of the environment is provided. Modern plant breeding, especially that started before the Green Revolution, based mainly on gross selection and very few crosses among local varieties/populations may be considered ancient grains, while those obtained after the Green revolution, based on intensive and multiple crosses among local and foreign varieties, including those obtained by induced mutation, may be considered modern grains. According to recent researches, it seems that ancient grains are healthier than the modern ones. The former would also have a lower environmental and agricultural impact than the latter. Since the picture on this topic is not yet clear I was asked to throw on it more light. In fact, most of researchers in the field do not understand difference among ancient and modern varieties. Thus, the objective of this short paper was to clarify and stimulate more research, possibly with a multidisciplinary approach. In Italy, for instance, there are ad hoc research projects that should be more adequately financed and supported, during their development. To make it easy, I have mentioned and listed more than thirty references.

Native Middle Egypt Rabbit breed (NMER) was crossbred with Gaint Flander rabbits to create a synthetic line. This study was aimed to evaluate the genetic estimates of this synthetic line with comparing to the purebreds. A crossbreeding was carried out by mating bucks of Gaint Flander (G) with does of NMER (N) to get F1 (½N½G), then does and bucks of F1 were mated to get F2 (½N½G)2, followed by two generations of inter se-mating to get a new synthetic line is called Egy-line with a genetic structure of ((½N½G)2)2. Heritability estimates for body weights were generally moderate and ranged from 0.10 to 0.24, while the estimates of heritability for growth rate were low and moderate and ranging from 0.01 to 0.23. Common little effects of body weight were large as weaning (0.61), then declined gradually as the rabbit grew older. Also, the same trends were observed for relative growth rate (RGR). The direct additive effects were positive and highly significant for all body weights at different ages, favoring Gaint Flander and heavier comparing with NMER rabbits. Most relative growth rates during different intervals were non-significant. Gaint Flander was highly significant and heavier in maternal additive effects it in different weeks of age comparing with NMER rabbits. Direct heterosis effect for most bodyweight was positive and highly significant, and percentages of direct heterosis increased generally with the advance of age. Maternal heterosis for growth rates from 5 to 6, 8 to 10, and 10 to 12 week was positive, only. Direct recombination effects for most bodyweight were positive and highly significantly exclude weight at 5 and 6 weeks. It is concluded that a new synesthetic line (Egy-line) has proven its superiority and performance well in all different body weights and most growth rates compared to other parents and crossbreds.

The outbreaks and quick spread of severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have badly affected the whole world due to continuous emergence-and-transmission of the latest-new viral-genomes forming new-variants revealing patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak-and-global-pandemic with badly affecting advanced-medical-science-technology-communication-agriculture-agronomy-plant-breeding-horticulture, health-environment-socio-economy, and different-issues. India's emphasis on okra, the ‘Nature's-Gift to Human-Disease-Free-Healthy-Life’ and the most ‘Economically-Important-Number-One-Consumption Vegetable-Crops’ is destroyed by various-diseases causing pathogens like the root-knot (RK)-diseases caused by the nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and easily checked by many chemical-pesticides. But it causes different carcinogenic effects on the environment and our life. So it is an urgent need to develop potential biomedicines. The pretreatments with ultra-high-diluted-biomedicines (UHDBMs) Gall 200C and Nematode 200C, prepared from okra-root-galls (ORG) and nematode-females (NF) respectively, applied by foliar spray@ 20 ml/plant, are highly effective against the root-knot-disease of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Cv. Ankur-40, with the increasing growth of plants and fruits-production. The UHDBMs-Gall 200C is more effective than the Nematode 200C. Both the pretreatments-UHDBMs are responsible for induce-systemic-acquired-defense-response of the pretreated-plants through the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins-genes (22-14 numbers), which are more or less similar-molecular-range (295kD-11kD) of many coronavirus, which will be responsible for preventing-RK and COVID-19 like virus-diseases by inducing-defense-resistance or increasing innate-immunity respectively, and advanced in medical-science, technology, communication, agriculture, agronomy, plant breeding, horticulture, health, environment, socio-economy, and different application-issues with pollution-free globe, developing new-preventive typical-biomedical vaccines or treatments methods or drug development and research against the ‘21^st-Century Global Pandemic COVID-19 like Any Viral Diseases’ which lead to optimal contributions to the field of policymaking drug and vaccine development emphasizing new or important aspects of the study, and synthetic production of UHDBMs will be more practical implications, and social implications in the future research. And the farmers and the world would be benefitted most; by collecting and uprooting gall-roots after harvesting for cost-effective bio-controlling plant-diseases, and profit from shelling-and-buying of whole plants, fruits, and gall-roots also, and helps for the benefit of global health by developing the most cost-effective, personalized, non-toxic, easily-preparable, easily-maintainable, easily-available and suppliable, vaccines or treatments methods from their own product.