The pharmaceutical supply chain environment has undergone tremendous change in recent decades due to technology, and this shift is intensifying. One of the main concerns of business practitioners is how to cost-effectively integrate, implement, and manage technologies across the supply chain of an organization. Pharmaceutical organizations that produce, ship, and supply goods have trouble tracking their goods, which makes it easier for counterfeiters to get fake medications into the system. The creation and implementation of a stringent technological system might be a significant step in the arduous battle against the prevalence of fake medications and other healthcare items. In supply chain management, digital technologies have a number of potential advantages. The usage of the Internet of Things in supply chains can make every component visible and create a visible supply chain, making it possible to identify the position and specifications of all the components and materials in the supply chain at any given time.

The Blockchain technology uses different type of database that transact data in blocks and then chained each data blocks. When data fills one block, it is chained the same data onto previous block therefore, all the data blocks are stored in chronological order. The blockchain technology can help to ensure that data in supply chain is reliable, accurate and can be shared with all stakeholders without any manipulation. It makes supply chain more transparent and end-to-end digital visibility of data source. Blockchain is stringent technology which fill the gap between stakeholders by providing transparent unmanipulated and truthful data in supply chain. There are many initiatives has been taken by multiple regulatory bodies with partnering with supply chain stakeholders including pharmaceutical manufacturer, distributors and dispensers. In USA, Food and Drug Administration’s regulatory body Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) initi-ated pilot program in 2019 with the partnership of leading pharmaceuticals distributors to au-thenticating saleable returns to distributor from supply chain partners. DSCSA used MediLedger blockchain interoperable technology for process evaluation and it robustness for mitigating risk of drug counterfeiting possibilities in supply chain. The DSCSA found that pilot project was suc-cessful and results were astonishing. Later it was declared that blockchain technology can also be used for meeting DSCSA’s 2023 Act for unit level traceability.