Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Table 3. Predictors of dual use among generalpopulation of adult

Odds ratio	Linearized std. err.	95% conf.	interval	p
Age
18 to 24 years old	Ref.
25 to 34 years old	1.074	0.075	0.935	1.234	0.308
35 to 44 years old	0.917	0.072	0.785	1.071	0.270
45 to 54 years old	0.683	0.052	0.588	0.794	< 0.001
55 to 64 years old	0.527	0.043	0.448	0.620	< 0.001
65 to 74 years old	0.226	0.033	0.170	0.302	< 0.001
75 years old or older	0.020	0.008	0.010	0.043	< 0.001
Male Sex	1.185	0.062	1.069	1.314	0.002
Hispanic Ethnicity	0.479	0.038	0.409	0.560	< 0.001
Race
White	Ref.
Black	0.542	0.050	0.452	0.651	< 0.001
Other	0.935	0.079	0.790	1.107	0.431
Census Region
Northeast	Ref.
Midwest	1.320	0.098	1.139	1.531	< 0.001
South	1.367	0.088	1.203	1.554	0.000
West	1.217	0.105	1.025	1.445	0.025
Education Level
Less than high school	Ref.
GED	1.362	0.118	1.147	1.618	0.001
High school graduate	0.832	0.067	0.709	0.977	0.025
Some college (no degree) or associate	0.873	0.073	0.740	1.029	0.105
Bachelor's degree or	0.406	0.047	0.323	0.510	< 0.001
Advanced degree	0.221	0.029	0.171	0.287	< 0.001
Poverty	1.195	0.076	1.053	1.357	0.006
Health Insurance
Some private insurance	Ref.
Private insurance, some Medicare	1.871	0.176	1.552	2.254	< 0.001
Private insurance or Medicare, s	1.823	0.156	1.538	2.161	< 0.001
Other insurance only	1.744	0.190	1.405	2.166	< 0.001
No insurance	1.584	0.090	1.416	1.773	< 0.001