Hopelessness and Smoking among Black Adults

Table 2. Results of Model 2

	OR	SE	95%	CI	P
Hope	0.960	0.012	0.936	0.986	0.003
Income to Poverty Ratio	0.980	0.018	0.945	1.016	0.259
Married	1.159	0.115	0.951	1.414	0.141
Unemployed	1.423	0.198	1.077	1.881	0.014
Male	1.858	0.176	1.537	2.245	< 0.001
AGE	1.025	0.003	1.020	1.031	< 0.001
Educational Attainment (Years of Schooling)	0.954	0.022	0.910	1.000	0.050
Ethnicity
African American	2.145	0.539	1.296	3.550	0.004
Intercept	0.132	0.053	0.059	0.295	< 0.001

Source: NSAL: Sample: Black People, Outcome: Ever Smoking; Model 3 controlled for demographic factors, SES indicators, and MDE (DSM_MDE)